Asthma: prevalence and cost of illness

Stock, Stephanie; Redaélli, Marcus; Luengen, Markus; Wendland, G; Civello, Daniele; Lauterbach, Karl W.

doi:10.1183/09031936.04.00116203

Cited by 110 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…This figure is similar to the 81%, 84%, and 89% found in Turkey, Germany, and Australia, respectively [10,16,22], but higher than other studies which reported that medication costs corresponded to a range between 30 and 47% direct costs of asthma care [12][13][14]. The differences in prescription costs noted may be due to differences in the types of medication given to the patients, doses of medication required by each patient, and the severity of their asthma.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Out-of-Pocket Costs of Asthma Follow-Up Care in Adults in a Sub-Saharan African Country

Onyedum

Desalu

Ukwaja

et al. 2014

Journal of Respiratory Medicine

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Asthma care imposes economic burden on affected patients. Patient costs for asthma care have not been documented in Africa. We aimed to determine the out-of-pocket cost of asthma follow-up care incurred by patients in Nigeria. We conducted a crosssectional study in three tertiary hospitals in southeastern and northwestern Nigeria. Poorly controlled asthma patients attending a follow-up visit in the respiratory clinic of the hospitals were surveyed. Sociodemographic, health-seeking behavior, and cost data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Of the 110 patients who completed the study, 56 (51%) were females. Also, 72 (65%) of the patients had known about their asthma illness for more than four years. Mean annual direct cost of asthma care was US$368.4 (±228) per patient. Medication cost accounted for the majority (87%) of this cost. Patient costs of care incurred did not differ significantly across age (P = 0.15), education (P = 0.23), marital status (0.49), residence (P = 0.47), or gender (P = 0.65) categories. We conclude that direct cost of care was found to be substantial among poorly controlled asthma patients. Further studies to estimate the costs incurred by patients with exacerbation and differing severity of the disease should be conducted.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Out-of-Pocket Costs of Asthma Follow-Up Care in Adults in a Sub-Saharan African Country

Onyedum

Desalu

Ukwaja

et al. 2014

Journal of Respiratory Medicine

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“…The annual cost of asthma has recently been estimated to be J2.7 billion in Germany [9] and J1.5 billion in France. In the UK, asthma costs the National Health Service an average of £889 million per yr [10].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Costs of managing asthma as defined by a derived Asthma Control Test^TMscore in seven European countries

Vervloët¹,

Williams²,

Lloyd³

et al. 2006

Eur Respir Rev

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The present authors explored the relationship between asthma control status, as measured by a derived Asthma Control Test TM (ACT) score, and the utilisation and cost of healthcare in Europe. Data were derived from a European survey of asthma patients. Frequency of healthcare resource use was identified from the dataset and per-patient mean cost of asthma management estimated. Drug costs were not available. The ACT score was derived from questions in the survey identical or similar to the items comprising the ACT.An ACT score was derived for 2,268 patients, of whom 48% (1,078) scored ,20, suggesting their asthma was not well controlled, with 17% (381) scoring ,15, suggesting poorly controlled asthma. The mean per-patient annual cost of asthma management for patients with a derived ACT of ,15 was J1,604 (95% confidence interval: J1,219-2,084); for patients with a derived ACT score of 15-19, J512 (J404-660) and for patients with a derived ACT score of o20, J232 (J192-286). A higher derived ACT score was associated with significantly lower expenditure on asthma management.Worse asthma control, as measured by the derived Asthma Control Test TM score was associated with an increased requirement for unscheduled care and with higher cost.KEYWORDS: Asthma, asthma control, Europe, healthcare costs A sthma is a chronic inflammatory respiratory disease and is a major cause of morbidity [1]. The prevalence of asthma in Western Europe ranges from 3.9% in Germany to 10.9% in the UK [2]. International guidelines recommend that the aim of asthma management should be to achieve and maintain control [3,4]. The Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines define control as minimal (ideally no) chronic symptoms, minimal (infrequent) exacerbations, no emergency visits, minimal (ideally no) need for rescue medications, no activity restriction, peak expiratory flow (PEF) circadian variation ,20%, (near) normal PEF and minimal (or no) adverse effects from medicine [4].However, no consensus exists on the optimum method to assess asthma control in practice. Composite measures used for assessing asthma control include the Asthma Control Questionnaire [5], which has recently been validated in a shortened format that does not require the assessment of lung function [6], and the Asthma Control Test TM (ACT) [7]. The ACT is a reliable and valid patient-completed measure of asthma control that was developed for easy use in a clinical setting [7]. The ACT comprises five items, each relating to an aspect of asthma control over the previous 4 weeks: limitations to activities; shortness of breath; night-time awakening; use of rescue medication and patient perception of control. Completion of the ACT results in a score between 5 and 25, with a higher score indicating better control. A validation study found that an ACT score of o20 indicated ''well-controlled'' asthma, and a score of ,15 ''poorly controlled '' asthma [8]. The ACT has been shown to have a good specificity and sensitivity in identifying patients whose asthma control woul...

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“…Many people suffer from allergies and the occurrence of allergies is considered one of the major medical problems in the world (Rachele, 1980;Stock et al, 2005;Eder et al, 2006;Russell, 2006). The daily reports of outdoor airborne pollen and spores are used as an indicator of the threat of exposure to a variety of allergens for people at high risk (Frenz, 2000a;Frenz et al, 1998;Giberson et al, 1997).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of clothing fabrics as passive pollen collectors in the north‐eastern United States

Zavada

McGraw

Miller

2007

Grana

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Asthma: prevalence and cost of illness

Cited by 110 publications

References 29 publications

Out-of-Pocket Costs of Asthma Follow-Up Care in Adults in a Sub-Saharan African Country

Out-of-Pocket Costs of Asthma Follow-Up Care in Adults in a Sub-Saharan African Country

Costs of managing asthma as defined by a derived Asthma Control Test^TMscore in seven European countries

The role of clothing fabrics as passive pollen collectors in the north‐eastern United States

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Asthma: prevalence and cost of illness

Cited by 110 publications

References 29 publications

Out-of-Pocket Costs of Asthma Follow-Up Care in Adults in a Sub-Saharan African Country

Out-of-Pocket Costs of Asthma Follow-Up Care in Adults in a Sub-Saharan African Country

Costs of managing asthma as defined by a derived Asthma Control TestTMscore in seven European countries

The role of clothing fabrics as passive pollen collectors in the north‐eastern United States

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Costs of managing asthma as defined by a derived Asthma Control Test^TMscore in seven European countries