Asthma prevalence in German Olympic athletes: A comparison of winter and summer sport disciplines

Selge, Charlotte; Thomas, Silke; Nowak, Dennis; Radon, Katja; Wolfarth, Bernd

doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2016.07.008

Cited by 17 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…It should be recognized that, according to the proposed mechanisms of development of asthma in athletes, winter and summer athletes may be exposed to different amounts of airway stress due to different exposure to environmental irritants, airborne allergens, and cold air. In fact, skiers were at a higher risk of incident physician-diagnosed asthma in our study; however, previous studies show somewhat conflicting results regarding the importance of season of competition (27,31).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 66%

High incidence rate of asthma among elite endurance athletes: a prospective 4-year survey

et al. 2020

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Objective: The prevalence of asthma among elite endurance athletes is high, but less is known about the incidence of asthma among athletes. The aim of this study was to examine the incidence rate of physician-diagnosed asthma among elite endurance athletes. Method: An annual postal questionnaire was sent to an open prospective cohort of elite endurance athletes between 2011 and 2015. Athletes from Swedish National teams, students at universities with elite sport partnership, and pupils at Swedish National elite sport schools, competing in cross-country skiing, biathlon, ski orienteering, or orienteering were invited (n ¼ 666). Incidence rate of physician-diagnosed asthma was calculated among those without asthma at baseline (n ¼ 449). Risk factors for incident physician-diagnosed asthma were identified using a multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: Response rate was 88.7% (n ¼ 591) at baseline. The median age of participants was 17 (range 15-36) years at inclusion. The study population included 407 (69%) skiers and 184 (31%) orienteers. The prevalence of asthma at baseline was 23.9% (n ¼ 141). Incidence rate (95% confidence interval [CI]) of physician-diagnosed asthma was 61.2 (45.7-80.3) per 1,000 person-years. Risk factors (odds ratio [OR (95% CI)]) for incident physician-diagnosed asthma were family history of asthma (1.97 [1.04-3.68]), being a skier (3.01 [1.42-7.21]), and wheezing without having a cold (4.15 [1.81-9.26]). Conclusion: The incidence rate of physician-diagnosed asthma is high among Swedish elite endurance athletes. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 66%

High incidence rate of asthma among elite endurance athletes: a prospective 4-year survey

et al. 2020

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“…It has been shown that German elite athletes with high ventilation rates use significantly more asthma medication than those with medium or low ventilation rates, but no significant difference in use was observed between summer and winter athletes [ 5 ]. These observations support our present findings regarding asthma medication and suggest that they may also be applicable to summer endurance athletes, such as long-distance runners and racing cyclists.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The prevalence of asthma in Sweden is estimated to be 10% in the population aged 16–35 years [ 1 ]. However, the prevalence of asthma is higher in athletes, especially those participating in sports associated with high ventilation rates [ 2 – 5 ]. Recently, the prevalence of physician-diagnosed asthma among Swedish elite cross-country skiers was estimated at 35% [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asthma Control and Asthma Medication Use among Swedish Elite Endurance Athletes

Persson

Lindberg

Stenfors

2018

Canadian Respiratory Journal

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Background Asthma is common in elite athletes. In this study, we examined the use of asthma medication and asthma control in endurance athletes in Sweden and compared the findings with those in a reference group of patients with asthma. Methods The Asthma Control Test (ACT) and a questionnaire on asthma, respiratory symptoms, and medication use were posted to endurance athletes (n=711) and the reference group of patients with asthma (n=1026). Four hundred and sixty-nine athletes (66%) responded, of whom 141 (20%) reported physician-diagnosed asthma. In the reference group, 397 (39%) responded. Results Seventy-seven percent of the athletes with asthma reported using asthma medication during the previous year; 39% used short/long-acting β2-agonists, 31% used inhaled corticosteroids, and 31% used both daily. According to the ACT scores, 19%, 24%, and 58% of athletes with asthma had uncontrolled, partially controlled, or well-controlled asthma, respectively. After adjustment, there was no difference in ACT scores or daily use of asthma medication between the study groups. Conclusions Many endurance athletes had uncontrolled or partially controlled asthma, and one-third used inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting β2-agonists daily. Their adjusted ACT scores and use of asthma medication were similar to the values in the reference population.

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“…Given the high prevalence of asthma and asthma‐related conditions, such as exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction, inhaled beta 2 ‐adrenoceptor agonists (beta 2 ‐agonists) are among the most commonly used substances in competitive sports . As for many other substances, the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) has imposed restrictions towards the use of all selective and non‐selective beta 2 ‐agonists both in‐ and out‐ of competition, being listed in the S3‐category (beta 2 ‐agonist specific category) on the 2020 Prohibited List .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anabolic and lipolytic actions of beta₂‐agonists in humans and antidoping challenges

Hostrup

Jacobson

Jessen

et al. 2020

Drug Testing and Analysis

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Inhaled beta 2 -adrenoceptor agonists (beta 2 -agonists) are among the most used substances in competitive sports. The 2020 Prohibited List issued by the World Anti-Doping Agency restricts use of all selective and non-selective beta 2 -agonists in-and out-of competition with few exemptions. Formoterol, salbutamol, and salmeterol are allowed by inhalation within defined dosing limits. These restrictions are in place because supratherapeutic use of beta 2 -agonist has the potential to be anabolic and to enhance performance, as well as due to potential side effects. Despite substantial documentation that beta 2 -agonists exert anabolic and lipolytic actions, these actions are not widely recognized. Furthermore, a common misconception is that the inhaled route does not exert these effects. However, given the high relative systemic bioavailability via the inhaled route, inhalation at high doses can also exert anabolic and lipolytic actions. In this review, we highlight the anabolic and lipolytic actions beta 2agonists can exert, regardless of the type of beta 2 -agonist and the route of administration. The doses needed to provide such effects are also associated with adverse effects and would in most cases be detected in routine doping control. Notwithstanding, the beta 2 -agonist regulations are associated with some challenges and given their ability to induce muscle growth and to enhance performance, it is important to continue developing effective detection strategies to prevent potential misuse of beta 2 -agonists while allowing treatment of asthmatic subjects without causing adverse side effects or ergogenic actions. K E Y W O R D Sanabolic, beta agonists, doping, hypertrophy, muscle growth

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Asthma prevalence in German Olympic athletes: A comparison of winter and summer sport disciplines

Cited by 17 publications

References 72 publications

High incidence rate of asthma among elite endurance athletes: a prospective 4-year survey

High incidence rate of asthma among elite endurance athletes: a prospective 4-year survey

Asthma Control and Asthma Medication Use among Swedish Elite Endurance Athletes

Anabolic and lipolytic actions of beta₂‐agonists in humans and antidoping challenges

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Asthma prevalence in German Olympic athletes: A comparison of winter and summer sport disciplines

Cited by 17 publications

References 72 publications

High incidence rate of asthma among elite endurance athletes: a prospective 4-year survey

High incidence rate of asthma among elite endurance athletes: a prospective 4-year survey

Asthma Control and Asthma Medication Use among Swedish Elite Endurance Athletes

Anabolic and lipolytic actions of beta2‐agonists in humans and antidoping challenges

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Product

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Anabolic and lipolytic actions of beta₂‐agonists in humans and antidoping challenges