Asthma Related to Occupational and Ambient Air Pollutants in Nonsmokers

Greer, Jonathan R.; Abbey, David E.; Burchette, Raoul J.

doi:10.1097/00043764-199309000-00014

Cited by 128 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…A cohort study of 451 nonsmoking asthmatic adults found that acute asthma severity, asthma-specific quality of life, and health status were associated with self-reported ETS exposure (87). Cohort studies have also shown increased risk of developing adult asthma from ETS (88), including occupational exposures (89). Among 3,914 nonsmoking adults followed 10 years, the relative risk for asthma onset from 10 years of working with a smoker was 1.45 (95% CI 1.21, 1.75) (85).…”

Section: Epidemiologic Evidence For Pollutant Mixtures Containing Pahmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiologic evidence for asthma and exposure to air toxics: linkages between occupational, indoor, and community air pollution research.

Delfino

2002

Environ Health Perspect

269

152

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Outdoor ambient air pollutant exposures in communities are relevant to the acute exacerbation and possibly the onset of asthma. However, the complexity of pollutant mixtures and etiologic heterogeneity of asthma has made it difficult to identify causal components in those mixtures. Occupational exposures associated with asthma may yield clues to causal components in ambient air pollution because such exposures are often identifiable as single-chemical agents (e.g., metal compounds). However, translating occupational to community exposure-response relationships is limited. Of the air toxics found to cause occupational asthma, only formaldehyde has been frequently investigated in epidemiologic studies of allergic respiratory responses to indoor air, where general consistency can be shown despite lower ambient exposures. The specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs) identified in association with occupational asthma are generally not the same as those in studies showing respiratory effects of VOC mixtures on nonoccupational adult and pediatric asthma. In addition, experimental evidence indicates that airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposures linked to diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) have proinflammatory effects on airways, but there is insufficient supporting evidence from the occupational literature of effects of DEPs on asthma or lung function. In contrast, nonoccupational epidemiologic studies have frequently shown associations between allergic responses or asthma with exposures to ambient air pollutant mixtures with PAH components, including black smoke, high home or school traffic density (particularly truck traffic), and environmental tobacco smoke. Other particle-phase and gaseous co-pollutants are likely causal in these associations as well. Epidemiologic research on the relationship of both asthma onset and exacerbation to air pollution is needed to disentangle effects of air toxics from monitored criteria air pollutants such as particle mass. Community studies should focus on air toxics expected to have adverse respiratory effects based on biological mechanisms, particularly irritant and immunological pathways to asthma onset and exacerbation.

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Section: Epidemiologic Evidence For Pollutant Mixtures Containing Pahmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiologic evidence for asthma and exposure to air toxics: linkages between occupational, indoor, and community air pollution research.

Delfino

2002

Environ Health Perspect

269

152

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“…This study indicated that both cumulative lifetime and recent ETS exposures increased the risk of adult-onset asthma (21). The role of passive smoking exposure on developing adult asthma has been studied also in Cohort studies (22). A respiratory questionnaire administered to 3914 nonsmoking adults in 1977 and again in 1987 for evaluating the association occupational and air pollutant exposure with the development of adult asthma (22).…”

Section: Passive Smoking In Childhood and Adulthoodmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The role of passive smoking exposure on developing adult asthma has been studied also in Cohort studies (22). A respiratory questionnaire administered to 3914 nonsmoking adults in 1977 and again in 1987 for evaluating the association occupational and air pollutant exposure with the development of adult asthma (22). These Authors suggested (22) that second-hand smoke exposure in work site was associated with the development of asthma (OR=1.45).…”

Section: Passive Smoking In Childhood and Adulthoodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental tobacco smoke exposure and asthma

Barış¹

2014

sob

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“…The U.S. EPA review of animal tests and epidemiologic studies of ozone (61) concluded that chronic effects may be associated with long-term exposure to ozone. Increases in the prevalence of asthma (62), as well as exacerbation of asthma (47,56,63), have been found to be associated with long-term exposure to ozone. There is also some evidence of effects of ozone at levels below current air quality standards (20,64).…”

Section: Ozonementioning

confidence: 99%

Use of an index to reflect the aggregate burden of long-term exposure to criteria air pollutants in the United States.

Kyle

Woodruff

Buffler

et al. 2002

Environ Health Perspect

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Air pollution control in the United States for five common pollutants-particulate matter, ground-level ozone, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide-is based partly on the attainment of ambient air quality standards that represent a level of air pollution regarded as safe. Regulatory and health agencies often focus on whether standards for short periods are attained; the number of days that standards are exceeded is used to track progress. Efforts to explain air pollution to the public often incorporate an air quality index that represents daily concentrations of pollutants. While effects of short-term exposures have been emphasized, research shows that long-term exposures to lower concentrations of air pollutants can also result in adverse health effects. We developed an aggregate index that represents long-term exposure to these pollutants, using 1995 monitoring data for metropolitan areas obtained from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Aerometric Information Retrieval System. We compared the ranking of metropolitan areas under the proposed aggregate index with the ranking of areas by the number of days that short-term standards were exceeded. The geographic areas with the highest burden of long-term exposures are not, in all cases, the same as those with the most days that exceeded a short-term standard. We believe that an aggregate index of long-term air pollution offers an informative addition to the principal approaches currently used to describe air pollution exposures; further work on an aggregate index representing long-term exposure to air pollutants is warranted.

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Asthma Related to Occupational and Ambient Air Pollutants in Nonsmokers

Cited by 128 publications

References 23 publications

Epidemiologic evidence for asthma and exposure to air toxics: linkages between occupational, indoor, and community air pollution research.

Epidemiologic evidence for asthma and exposure to air toxics: linkages between occupational, indoor, and community air pollution research.

Environmental tobacco smoke exposure and asthma

Use of an index to reflect the aggregate burden of long-term exposure to criteria air pollutants in the United States.

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