Astigmatism in school students of eastern China: prevalence, type, severity and associated risk factors

Wang, Jianyong; Cheng, Qianqian Ellie; Fu, Xiaojin; Meng, Jia; Gu, Fangyi; Li, Juanjuan; Ying, Gui‐Shuang

doi:10.1186/s12886-020-01425-w

Cited by 15 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…With-the-rule astigmatism was the most prevalent in our study (81%), which was in agreement with Wang et al 32 (75%) and Wang et al 29 (85%). The meta-analysis showed the prevalence of adult myopia and astigmatism was highest in South-East Asia.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…More than 700,000 first-grade children have been screened in 2 years. The prevalence of the children who failed the visual screening was only 2.59% (20,401 out of 786,729 students), which was low compared to other studies conducted in India, Ethiopia, Mexico, China and USA 3–5 , 7 , 29 , 30 ( Table 6 ). There are a few possible reasons for this low prevalence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…This is the largest children's visual screening program that has been conducted in Thailand. More than 700,000 first- [3][4][5]7,29,30 (Table 6). There are a few possible reasons for this low prevalence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Prevalence of Prescription Glasses in the First-Grade Thai Students (7–8 Years Old)

Wangtiraumnuay¹,

Trichaiyaporn²,

Lueangaram³

et al. 2021

OPTO

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose To study the prevalence of the prescription glasses given to first-grade students due to the “Good Sight for Thai Children” (GSTC) policy. Methods This was a cross-sectional study that examined all prescription glasses given to first-grade students throughout Thailand, after visual screening due to the GSTC policy between 2016 and 2017. Trained class teachers screened their students’ visual acuity and referred children who had less than 20/40 visual acuity in either eye to a hospital for an eye examination and prescription glasses. Results A total of 786,729 students were screened. Of these, 20,401 (2.59%) students were referred to hospital. However, only 9867 (48.37%) students presented to a hospital. Glasses were prescribed for 5324 (53.96%) students following cycloplegic refraction by ophthalmologists or trained refractionists. The mean spherical equivalent was −1.08 (−19.00 to +10.00, SD 2.32) diopters. There were 1626 (30.54%) children at amblyopic risk without glasses. A 5.49% had high myopia (< −6 diopters), 5.22% had high hyperopia (> +5 diopters) and 27.82% had high astigmatism (>2 diopters). A cylindrical lens analysis showed that 81.53% had with-the-rule astigmatism, 4.07% had against-the-rule astigmatism, and 14.40% had oblique astigmatism. Conclusion Although the reliable prevalence of refractive error cannot be estimated, the prevalence of visual impairment may be estimated. There were a number of students who required glasses. The astigmatism was the most common refractive error on prescription glasses for first-grade children. With-the-rule astigmatism was the most prevalent. The visual screening program of school children proved to be valuable and should be continued and developed.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Prevalence of Prescription Glasses in the First-Grade Thai Students (7–8 Years Old)

Wangtiraumnuay¹,

Trichaiyaporn²,

Lueangaram³

et al. 2021

OPTO

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Astigmatismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The prevalence of this refractive error differs depending on race [48,51], sex and age [52]. It is also influenced by genetic factors, with a higher prevalence than myopia and hyperopia, between 30% and 77% [52]. The African race, the presence of a highgrade of myopia or hyperopia, smoking during pregnancy are also risk factors for the occurrence of astigmatism.…”

Section: Astigmatismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2021

Ro J Pediatr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

According to current estimations, globally, there are around 150 million people with an uncorrected refractive disorder, which means 27% of the world's population. Approximately 1.4 million of these are children and have a milder or more severe form of visual dysfunction secondary to refractive errors. Since 1990, refractive errors are considered to be a public health problem among children and cause visual dysfunction, with a prevalence of up to 43%. Vision maturation occurs in early childhood, when all the senses and motor skills work together to acquire language, first ideas about the environment and all the elements that define the person himself. Sight is a contributory perceptual system for the cognitive, social, sensory-motor development and for the assemblage of information about the environment. In the first years of life, the child increasingly discovers complex activities, requiring the ability to change the eyes fixation in space from one point to another and a normal binocular motility.

show abstract

Association of Maternal and Paternal Astigmatism With Child Astigmatism in the Hong Kong Children Eye Study

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ImportanceParental astigmatism is a factor associated with risk for development of child astigmatism; however, the magnitude of the association has not been determined.ObjectiveTo determine the association between parental and child astigmatism.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis population-based, cross-sectional study included participants from familial trios, each comprising a child aged 6 to 8 years and both parents, recruited from the Hong Kong Children Eye Study. No restriction criteria were set on the children in terms of refractive status. Data were analyzed from February to June 2022.ExposuresCycloplegic autorefraction and autokeratometry were conducted on the children, whereas noncycloplegic autorefraction and autokeratometry were conducted on their parents. The children were categorized into 6 groups on the basis of the severity of astigmatism of both parents. Information on parental education, family income, and children’s outdoor and near work time were obtained by questionnaires.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was the odds of child astigmatism among the 6 categories of children. Associations of factors with child astigmatism were evaluated by logistic regression analyses.ResultsA total of 17 124 participants from 5708 trios (2964 boys and 2754 girls) at a mean (SD) age of 7.32 (0.87) years, and 11 416 parents were examined. Astigmatism of 1.0 D or greater in both parents was associated with greater odds of refractive astigmatism (RA) (odds ratio [OR], 1.62; 95% CI, 1.15-2.26) and corneal astigmatism (CA) (OR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.50-2.50) in the child. The respective ORs increased to 3.10 (95% CI, 1.34-7.21) and 4.31 (95% CI, 1.76-10.55) when both parents had astigmatism 2.0 D or greater. Higher parental astigmatism conferred higher risks for both RA and CA in children (P for trend &lt;.001). Parental astigmatism was significantly associated with greater odds of corresponding child astigmatism (maternal RA: OR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.68-0.84; paternal RA: OR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.74-0.91; maternal CA: OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.51-1.93; paternal CA: OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.19-1.49).Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this cross-sectional study suggest that parental astigmatism may confer an independent and dose-dependent association with child astigmatism. Children with parents with astigmatism should have early eye examinations for timely detection of astigmatism to facilitate age-appropriate vision correction and visual development.

show abstract

Astigmatism in school students of eastern China: prevalence, type, severity and associated risk factors

Cited by 15 publications

References 22 publications

Prevalence of Prescription Glasses in the First-Grade Thai Students (7–8 Years Old)

Prevalence of Prescription Glasses in the First-Grade Thai Students (7–8 Years Old)

Untitled

Association of Maternal and Paternal Astigmatism With Child Astigmatism in the Hong Kong Children Eye Study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About