Astragaloside IV pre-treatment attenuates PM2.5-induced lung injury in rats: Impact on autophagy, apoptosis and inflammation

Sesamin Ameliorates Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5)-Induced Lung Injury via Suppression of Apoptosis and Autophagy in Rats

“…43,44 Recently, some studies have pointed out that PM 2.5 exposure can activate autophagy in human lung epithelial cells 25 and in the lungs of rats. 11 Consistent with previous research findings, we observed that autophagy impairment has been found in the PM 2.5 group. Notably, Ses pretreatment remarkably diminished PM 2.5triggered autophagy in pulmonary tissues.…”

“…Previous studies have indicated that autophagy is necessary to maintain redox homeostasis and inflammation response, and autophagy activation plays an essential role in the progression of numerous lung diseases . At baseline, autophagy can inhibit spontaneous pulmonary inflammation and diminish oxidative damage caused by the response of lung leukocytes to infection; however, when the capacity of the cell to repair itself exceeds, persistent or inefficient autophagy may damage lung epithelial cells, inducing lung injury. , Recently, some studies have pointed out that PM 2.5 exposure can activate autophagy in human lung epithelial cells and in the lungs of rats . Consistent with previous research findings, we observed that autophagy impairment has been found in the PM 2.5 group.…”

“…10 In addition, some studies point out that autophagy and apoptosis are closely related to the occurrence of lung diseases. 11,12 Autophagy and apoptosis share the same functions of several common regulator molecules and determine the fate of whole cells in response to cellular stress. 13 Several studies have shown the protective effect of taking nutritional supplements on lung damage caused by PM 2.5 .…”

“…Based on previous studies, inflammatory responses and oxidative stress are the primary mechanisms of PM 2.5 -induced diseases. , A toxicological study indicated that PM 2.5 inhalation can increase inflammatory cytokine levels and decrease antioxidant enzyme activities . In addition, some studies point out that autophagy and apoptosis are closely related to the occurrence of lung diseases. , Autophagy and apoptosis share the same functions of several common regulator molecules and determine the fate of whole cells in response to cellular stress . Several studies have shown the protective effect of taking nutritional supplements on lung damage caused by PM 2.5 . , …”

Fine Particulate Matter Exposure and Inhalation Dose during Traffic Commuting-A Case Study in Guangzhou

“…When PM 2.5 enters the body through the lungs, it can easily cause a variety of respiratory diseases. Bacteria, viruses, harmful metals and organic matter may attach to PM 2.5 , which will cause infections, cancer and even death to human body (He et al, 2021;Wang et al, 2022). According to a survey in Clinical Epidemiology Center, St. Louis, USA, environmental air pollution is an important contributor to chronic kidney disease, with a more signi cant number of deaths worldwide (Bowe et al, 2019).…”