Astragalus polysaccharide restores autophagic flux and improves cardiomyocyte function in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity

Cao, Yuan; Shen, Tao; Huang, Xiuqing; Lin, Yajun; Chen, Beidong; Pang, Jing; Li, Guoping; Wang, Que; Zohrabian, Sylvia; Duan, Chao; Ruan, Yuanyuan; Man, Yong; Wang, Shu; Li, Jian

doi:10.18632/oncotarget.13596

Cited by 71 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The rooibos flavonoid aspalathin also protects rat H9c2 cardiomyoblasts from DOX-toxicity by reducing apoptosis in an AMPK-and p53-dependent manner [94]. Other compounds based on traditional Chinese medicines such as Astragalus membranaceus [173], fermented Cordyceps sinensis [174], isodunnianol [175] and DT-010 [176] also showed AMPK-mediated cardioprotective effects in cell and mouse models of DOX cardiotoxicity. Other agents including salicylate [177], the endogenous and systemic anti-coagulant activated protein C [178] and the macrophage migration inhibitory factor [179], are also known to activate AMPK but have not been trialled in DOX cardiotoxicity.…”

Section: Ampk Activation By Other Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of AMPK Activation for Cardioprotection in Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity

Timm

Tyler

2020

Cardiovasc Drugs Ther

129

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Doxorubicin is a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of a range of cancers, but despite its success in improving cancer survival rates, doxorubicin is cardiotoxic and can lead to congestive heart failure. Therapeutic options for this patient group are limited to standard heart failure medications with the only drug specific for doxorubicin cardiotoxicity to reach FDA approval being dexrazoxane, an iron-chelating agent targeting oxidative stress. However, dexrazoxane has failed to live up to its expectations from preclinical studies while also bringing up concerns about its safety. Despite decades of research, the molecular mechanisms of doxorubicin cardiotoxicity are still poorly understood and oxidative stress is no longer considered to be the sole evil. Mitochondrial impairment, increased apoptosis, dysregulated autophagy and increased fibrosis have also been shown to be crucial players in doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. These cellular processes are all linked by one highly conserved intracellular kinase: adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK regulates mitochondrial biogenesis via PGC1α signalling, increases oxidative mitochondrial metabolism, decreases apoptosis through inhibition of mTOR signalling, increases autophagy through ULK1 and decreases fibrosis through inhibition of TGFβ signalling. AMPK therefore sits at the control point of many mechanisms shown to be involved in doxorubicin cardiotoxicity and cardiac AMPK signalling itself has been shown to be impaired by doxorubicin. In this review, we introduce different agents known to activate AMPK (metformin, statins, resveratrol, thiazolidinediones, AICAR, specific AMPK activators) as well as exercise and dietary restriction, and we discuss the existing evidence for their potential role in cardioprotection from doxorubicin cardiotoxicity.

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Section: Ampk Activation By Other Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of AMPK Activation for Cardioprotection in Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity

Timm

Tyler

2020

Cardiovasc Drugs Ther

129

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“…A total of 2000-3000 cells in 2-3 chosen randomly fields in the border areas of the infarct myocardia from each microslide were counted to semi-quantitatively identify the ratio of the apoptotic nuclei [16,17].…”

Section: Tunel Assay For Apoptotic Nucleimentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac Shock Wave Therapy Attenuates Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis after Acute Myocardial Infarction in Rats

Zhang

Shen

Liu

et al. 2018

Cell Physiol Biochem

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Background/Aims: Researches have showed that cardiac shock wave therapy (CSWT) could improve left ventricular function and attenuate LV remodeling of the ischemic heart. Apoptosis plays an important role in myocardial infarction and determines heart function and prognosis. However, it is still not clear whether CSWT is sufficient to attenuate acute myocardial infarction (AMI) induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis in vivo. In this study, we used a rat model to examine whether CSWT could attenuate cardiomyocyte apoptosis after AMI and to explore potential mechanisms. Methods: We generated an AMI rat model to investigate the function and possible regulatory mechanisms of CSWT. All rats were randomly divided into four groups: the sham-operated only group, sham-operated with SW treatment group, AMI only group, and AMI treated with SW treatment group.The rats were treated with a left anterior descending coronary artery ligation for 12h and then treated with or without CSWT (800 shots at 0.1 mJ/ mm²). Cytochrome c release was measured to analyze mitochondrial function and integrity. The apoptotic cell rate was determined by TUNEL assay. Western blot was used to analyze the cell apoptosis-, inflammation-, and survival-related signaling pathways. Results: First, the methodology of CSWT in the rat model of AMI was established. Second, CSWT attenuated the cardiomyocyte apoptosis rate in the infarct border zone. Third, CSWT suppressed the expression of apoptosis and inflammation molecules after AMI. Fourth, CSWT inhibited activation of the JNK pathway, which indicated inhibition of the cell inflammatory pathways and promotion of cardiomyocyte survival after AMI. Conclusion: These results indicate that CSWT exerts a protective effect against AMI-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, potentially by attenuating cytochrome c release from the mitochondria and inhibiting of the mitochondrial-dependent intrinsic apoptotic pathway. We also demonstrate that CSWT suppresses the JNK pathway and cardiomyocyte inflammation, which may also decrease cardiomyocyte apoptosis in vivo.

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“…In mammals, ATP depletion inhibits mTOR phosphorylation by activating AMPK and subsequently phosphorylating tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2) [22]. The AMPK/ mTOR pathway is considered a crucial regulator of autophagy under starvation conditions [23]. Moreover, Beclin 1 is another rate-limiting factor of autophagosome formation from the available LC3-II in cardiac myocytes [16].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shock Wave Therapy Promotes Cardiomyocyte Autophagy and Survival during Hypoxia

Shen

Liu³

et al. 2017

Cell Physiol Biochem

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Background: Autophagy plays an important role in cardiovascular disease. Controversy still exists regarding the effect of autophagy on ischemic/hypoxic myocardium. Cardiac shock wave therapy (CSWT) is an effective alternative treatment for refractory ischemic heart disease. Whether CSWT can regulate cardiomyocyte autophagy under hypoxic conditions is not clear. We established a myocardial hypoxia model using the H9c2 cell line and performed shock waves (SWs) treatment to evaluate the effect of SW on autophagy. Methods: The H9c2 cells were incubated under hypoxic conditions, and SW treatment was then performed at energies of 0.02, 0.05, or 0.10 mJ/mm². The cell viability and intracellular ATP level were examined. Western blot analysis was used to assess the expression of LC3B, AMPK, mTOR, Beclin-1, Sirt1, and HIF-1α. Autophagic vacuoles were visualized by monodansylcadaverine staining. Results: After the 24-hour hypoxic period, cardiomyocyte viability and ATP levels were decreased and autophagy was significantly increased in H9c2 cells. SW treatment with an energy of 0.05 mJ/mm² significantly increased the cellular viability, ATP level, LC3B-II/I, and number of autophagic vacuoles. In addition, phosphorylated AMPK and Sirt1 were increased and phosphorylated mTOR and HIF-1α were decreased after SW treatment. Conclusion: SW treatment can potentially promote cardiomyocyte autophagy during hypoxia and protect cardiomyocyte function by regulating the AMPK/mTOR pathway.

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Astragalus polysaccharide restores autophagic flux and improves cardiomyocyte function in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity

Cited by 71 publications

References 32 publications

The Role of AMPK Activation for Cardioprotection in Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity

The Role of AMPK Activation for Cardioprotection in Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity

Cardiac Shock Wave Therapy Attenuates Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis after Acute Myocardial Infarction in Rats

Shock Wave Therapy Promotes Cardiomyocyte Autophagy and Survival during Hypoxia

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