Astrocyte-Derived Paracrine Signals: Relevance for Neurogenic Niche Regulation and Blood–Brain Barrier Integrity

Spampinato, Simona Federica; Bortolotto, Valeria; Canonico, Pier Luigi; Sortino, Maria Angela; Grilli, Mariagrazia

doi:10.3389/fphar.2019.01346

Cited by 64 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 110 publications

(126 reference statements)

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“…Proper function of blood-and cerebral fluid-brain barriers are supervised by astrocytes. Astrocytes regulate BBB function in part by secretion of factors that modulate barrier properties in context-dependent fashion (66). The structural components of astrocytic endfeet also mediate interactions with the BBB.…”

Section: Astrocytes Display Wide Array Of Homeostatic Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crosstalk Between Astrocytes and Microglia: An Overview

2020

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Based on discoveries enabled by new technologies and analysis using novel computational tools, neuroscience can be re-conceived in terms of information exchange in dense networks of intercellular connections rather than in the context of individual populations, such as glia or neurons. Cross-talk between neurons and microglia or astrocytes has been addressed, however, the manner in which non-neuronal cells communicate and interact remains less well-understood. We review this intriguing crosstalk among CNS cells, focusing on astrocytes and microglia and how it contributes to brain development and neurodegenerative diseases. The goal of studying these intercellular communications is to promote our ability to combat incurable neurological disorders.

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Section: Astrocytes Display Wide Array Of Homeostatic Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crosstalk Between Astrocytes and Microglia: An Overview

2020

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“…In the mammalian CNS, neuron and glia interactions are complex. Astrocytes that are structurally related to the cortex glia in Drosophila, enwrap multiple neurons and NSCs, and are known to modulate adult neurogenesis through soluble signals such as morphogens and extracellular matrix proteins (reviewed by Spampinato et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glial Hedgehog and lipid metabolism regulate neural stem cell proliferation inDrosophila

Dong

Zavortink

Froldi

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The final size of the adult central nervous system (CNS) is determined by the size of neuronal lineages generated by neural stem cells (NSCs) during development. In Drosophila, NSCs called neuroblasts (NBs) reside within a specialised microenvironment called the glial niche. Here, we explore non-cell autonomous regulation of NB behaviour by glia during normal development, and upon glial overgrowth. We show that lipid droplets that reside within the glial niche are closely associated with the signalling molecule Hedgehog (Hh). Under physiological conditions, Hh is present at low levels in the glial niche to ensure NBs faithfully produce the correct number and types of progeny that populate the adult nervous system. Upon Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) activation in glia, an accumulation of lipid droplets and Hh ligand non-cell autonomously triggers adjacent NBs to reduce their cell cycle speed, increase the developmental period in which they proliferate and disrupt their asymmetric division. Downstream of FGF signalling in the glia, we found that lipid metabolism affects both Hh subcellular localisation, as well as Hh post-translational modification, to modulate its activity, and in turn, its ability to activate Hh-signalling in the adjacent NBs. Together, our data suggest that wildtype and dysfunctional glial niche non-autonomously regulate neural lineage size via modulation of lipid metabolism and Hedgehog signalling. Statistical analysisP-values are calculated by two-tailed, unpaired Student's t-test, with equal sample variance; The Welch's correction was applied in case of unequal variances. Mann-Whitney test was used when data deviated from a normal distribution. For all histograms, error bars represent SEM.

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“…The critical role of another type of glial cell, the astrocyte, at the NVU including BBB regulation has long been known (reviewed in [28]). Recently, Bonsack et al [29] demonstrated the importance of astrocyte-derived pentraxin-3 in regulating BBB permeability.…”

Section: Crosstalk and Cellular Signaling Within The Nvumentioning

confidence: 99%

This was the year that was: brain barriers and brain fluid research in 2019

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Jones²,

Drewes

2020

Fluids Barriers CNS

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This editorial highlights advances in brain barrier and brain fluid research published in 2019, as well as addressing current controversies and pressing needs. Topics include recent advances related to: the cerebral endothelium and the neurovascular unit; the choroid plexus, arachnoid membrane; cerebrospinal fluid and the glymphatic hypothesis; the impact of disease states on brain barriers and brain fluids; drug delivery to the brain; and translation of preclinical data to the clinic. This editorial also mourns the loss of two important figures in the field, Malcolm B. Segal and Edward G. Stopa.

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Astrocyte-Derived Paracrine Signals: Relevance for Neurogenic Niche Regulation and Blood–Brain Barrier Integrity

Cited by 64 publications

References 110 publications

Crosstalk Between Astrocytes and Microglia: An Overview

Crosstalk Between Astrocytes and Microglia: An Overview

Glial Hedgehog and lipid metabolism regulate neural stem cell proliferation inDrosophila

This was the year that was: brain barriers and brain fluid research in 2019

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