Astrocytes produce the antiinflammatory and neuroprotective agent hydrogen sulfide

Lee, Moon-Hee; Schwab, Claudia; Yu, Songyan; McGeer, Edith G.; McGeer, Patrick L.

doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2009.06.001

Cited by 182 publications

(147 citation statements)

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“…For example, cystathionine-γ-lyase gene deletion in mice caused reduced H 2 S production in serum, heart and aorta, but not brain. Similarly, immunolabelling of cystathionine-γ-lyase was observed in vessel walls in human brain, whereas strong staining for cystathionine-β-synthase was detected in astrocytes in the hippocampus and precentral cortex (Lee et al, 2009). Pong et al (2007) recorded immunostaining for cystathionine-γ-lyase in mouse liver, but not brain, in confirmation of the fact that enzyme activity in liver is 100 times higher than in brain.…”

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confidence: 90%

“…Much information on the activity and localisation of cystathionine-β-synthase and cystathionine-γ-lyase comes from the fact that both enzymes utilise cysteine or homocysteine to produce the gas H 2 S (Fig 1). H 2 S is an endogenous anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and neuroprotective agent that may have therapeutic potential in a range of neurodegenerative diseases (Kimura, 2010;Lee et al, 2009). There is therefore considerable interest in its mechanism of biosynthesis and several authors have provided details of this process in both nervous and non-nervous tissues.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Cysteine is the preferred substrate for H 2 S production by either enzyme and accounts for 70% of the total amount of the gas produced under normal conditions. Cystathionine-β-synthase generates serine as co-product of H 2 S formation, whereas cystathionine-γ-lyase catalyses conversion of cysteine to pyruvate, H 2 S and NH 3 (Lee et al, 2009). Singh et al (2009) have established that the preferred reaction mechanism of cystathionine-β-synthase is by beta replacement of cysteine by homocysteine, as opposed to the alternative mechanisms of beta-elimination of cysteine to generate serine or condensation of two mol of cysteine to cystathionine ).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, studies using selective inhibitors for cystathionine-β-synthase and cystathionine-γ-lyase and gene knockout experiments promote the view that cystathionine-β-synthase is responsible for H 2 S production in human brain, whereas cystathionine-γ-lyase is the dominant enzyme in the vasculature (Lee et al, 2009). For example, cystathionine-γ-lyase gene deletion in mice caused reduced H 2 S production in serum, heart and aorta, but not brain.…”

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The transsulfuration pathway: a source of cysteine for glutathione in astrocytes

2011

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The transsulfuration pathway: a source of cysteine for glutathione in astrocytes

2011

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“…CBS and CSE are the key endogenous enzymes involved in H 2 S synthesis. H 2 S is synthesized in the brain primarily by the enzyme CBS (9). As the predominant source of H 2 S in brain tissue, CBS may play a distinct role in cerebrovascular pathophysiology (7).…”

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The effect of hydrogen sulphide on experimental cerebral vasospasm

Emmez¹,

Börcek²,

Gönül³

et al. 2015

Turkish Neurosurgery

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Fluorescent Diagnostic Probes in Neurodegenerative Diseases

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Both chronic and acute neurodegenerative diseases have been associated with high morbidity and mortality, along with the death of neurons in different areas of the brain, and there are few or no effective curative therapy options for treatment of patients. [3,4] These disorders are a major cause of concern for the health and quality of life in the aging society, since age is the greatest risk factor for neurodegenerative disease. [5] The World Health Organization has predicted that in next 20 years neurodegenerative disease will become the second most common cause of mortality after cardiovascular disease. [6] Neurodegenerative processes begin long before their clinical symptoms are evident, and evolve for years slowly and irreversibly. Hence, there is an urgent need to diagnose neurodegenerative disease as early as possible and to distinguish between different neurodegenerative disorders with shared and unique symptoms to facilitate decision making regarding choice of treatment. Timely diagnosis is important for the adoption of therapeutic modalities in clinical trials prior to moderate dementia exhibition, to appraise and apply antidotes to maximally preserve the cognitive functions or to slow down the course of these disorders. The ability to analyze and identify risk factors for cognitive deficit would represent an extraordinary advancement in the field of dementia. [5] The main modern diagnostic technologies for the early examination of neurodegenerative disease pathology, neuroimaging techniques, include radioligandsbased positron emission tomography (PET), 3D single-photon emission-computed tomography (SPECT), and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Although PET and SPECT are the most used imaging techniques for neurodegenerative diseases, their application is limited by high cost, involvement of hazardous radiolabeled compounds, need for sophisticated instruments, and application of complex data acquisition and analysis protocols. The MRI technique has relatively low spatial resolution as well as intrinsically poor sensitivity to distinguish morphological differences between disease biomarkers and the surrounding tissue. Recently, fluorescence diagnosis technology has become an attractive and potential alternative to diagnose and probe the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, because of being rapid, noninvasive, sensitive, simple, real-time, low-cost, and high-resolution in nature. [7] There are several uses for Neurodegenerative diseases are debilitating disorders that feature progressive and selective loss of function or structure of anatomically or physiologically associated neuronal systems. Both chronic and acute neurodegenerative diseases are associated with high morbidity and mortality along with the death of neurons in different areas of the brain; moreover, there are few or no effective curative therapy options for treating these disorders. There is an urgent need to diagnose neurodegenerative disease as early as possible, and to distinguish between different disorders with overlap...

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Astrocytes produce the antiinflammatory and neuroprotective agent hydrogen sulfide

Cited by 182 publications

References 29 publications

The transsulfuration pathway: a source of cysteine for glutathione in astrocytes

The transsulfuration pathway: a source of cysteine for glutathione in astrocytes

The effect of hydrogen sulphide on experimental cerebral vasospasm

Fluorescent Diagnostic Probes in Neurodegenerative Diseases

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