“…Visualoptimizationtoolssupportuser-interactionsviacontrolledandoptimizedvisualexploration, based on inherent data semantics and relevance measures. The exploratory search optimization incorporatestheuser'sinitialsearchinterestandintermediateinteractionsinretrieval.Theuser's intermediateinteractionsaremodeledusingthreerelevanceartifacts,Implicit, Explicit,andPseudorelevance.Animplicit relevanceinferredfromuserbehaviour,andexplicit relevancefromuseractions appliesexternally(e.g.feedback)duringthesearch.Inrecentyears,theroleofpseudo-relevanceis realizedforthevisualsearch,viacapturedrelevancefeedbackandestimatedviaexistinginherent retrievalapproach,suchastop-kresults (Pike,Stasko,Chang&O'connell,2009).Therelevance measuresrevealthedatasemanticshelptheuserinunderstandingtheinformation.Thevisualtools, suchasuRank,SearchBar (Morris,RingelMorris&Venolia,2008)andWebSearchViz (Nguyen & Zhang, 2006), Lyberworld (Hemmje, Kunkel & Willett, 1994) employed implicit relevance and CourseNavigator (Li, Papaemmanouil & Koutrika, 2016), AstroSelf (Neophytou, Gheorghiu & Chrysanthis, 2012), Foresight (Demiralp, Haas & Pedapati, 2017), SpaceOddussy (Pavlovic, Zacharatou, Sidlauskas, Heinis & Ailamaki, 2016), Aqua (Acharya, Gibbons, & Poosala, 1999), KnowMiner (Rauch,Klieber,Wozelka,Singh&Sabol,2015)andScatter/Gather (Cutting,Karger, Pedersen&Tukey,1992)inferredexplicit,whilePeerChooser,TalkExplorer,Insyder (Reiterer,Tullius & Mann, 2005), RankSpiral, GalaxyOfNews (Rennison, 1994), and CRUISE (Para, Taramigkou, Bothos,Apostolou&Mentzas,2014)regardtheimportanceofrelevancetoaidexploration.…”