Cellular networks evolved to meet the ever increasing traffic demand by way of offloading mobile traffic to Wi-Fi network elements. Exploiting multiradio interfaces on a smartphone has recently been examined with regards to heterogeneous bandwidth aggregation and radio switching. However, how a smartphone consumes its energy in driving cellular and Wi-Fi multi-radio interfaces, is not well understood. In this paper, we revealed the energy consumption behavior of 3G cellular and Wi-Fi multi-radio operations of a smartphone. We modified smartphone's firmware to enable multi-radios operations simultaneously and we performed extensive measurements of multi-radio energy consumption in a real commercial network. From the measured data set, we established a realistic multi-radio energy consumption model and it gave 98% stability from the derived coefficients.
Keyword:Cellular networks Multi-radio Power consumption Throughput Traffic offloading
Copyright © 2016 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science.All rights reserved.
Corresponding Author:Wonyong Yoon, Department of Electronics Engineering, Dong-A University, Hadan 2-Dong, Saha-Gu, Busan, 604-714, South Korea. Email: wyyoon@dau.ac.kr
INTRODUCTIONThere has been a dramatic increase in utilization of wireless communication technology such as LTE, 3G, and Wi-Fi. Smartphone devices have emerged with radio technologies which has resulted in the gigantic escalation in users of 3G and Wi-Fi data networks [1][2]. Smartphone devices work under many constraints of standardization bodies, they regularize the radio resources. The standardization body, 3GPP, is responsible to make standards for 3G wireless communication technology, it establishes different radio resource states (RRC) for 3G mobile network [3]. The radio states for 3G network operates on the configuration of inactivity timer, in the result of inactivity timer, data operation can save energy and reduce signaling overhead. The set of protocols for 3G network has been defined already to produce long-lasting battery life on different radio states. Despite of the defined protocols for 3G network, energy wastage during transition switching between low and high power consumption states per data operation, remain an issue [4][5]. In contrast to 3G technology, Wi-Fi is a well-accepted wireless communication technology for smart-devices [6].Wi-Fi radio technology provides high data rate to end-users and helps network operators to offload mobile traffic with high accuracy [7]. IEEE 802.11 defined network states for Wi-Fi that can also be configured at some extent level. Wi-Fi also has inactivity timer that consumes more energy which cannot be ignored [8]. A keen interest has been shown by many researchers and industrial groups for optimization of energy utilization. In literature, several implications have been proposed to overcome this issue.In literature, research work mainly focuses on energy consumption of individual hardware components or applications based performances [9]. In addition to this, some research has a...
