Asymmetric Response of the Biological Carbon Pump to the ENSO in the South China Sea

Li, Hongliang; Zhang, Jingjing; Xuan, Jiliang; Wu, Zezhou; Ran, Lihua; Wiesner, Martin G.; Chen, Jianfang

doi:10.1029/2021gl095254

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…We attribute these observations to the strong El Niño of winter 2015–2016, which resulted in decreased wind strength in the South China Sea during the winter monsoon period (Zhao and Zhu 2016) and anomalously high sea surface temperature and enhanced marine heat wave intensity during the following summer (Tan et al 2022). These effects normally cause weaker mixing and decreased subsurface nutrient supply, which would in turn lead to depressed primary productivity (Tseng et al 2009; Liu et al 2013; Li et al 2022). Therefore, the association between diatom fluxes in the water column and the robust‐only relative abundances of C. messanensis and T. nitzschioides suggests that the relative abundance of these two species in sediments could potentially serve as proxies for paleo‐productivity variations driven by, for example, strong El Niño effects in the South China Sea.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential dissolution of biogenic silica significantly affects the utility of sediment diatoms as paleoceanographic proxies

Ran,

Wiesner,

Liang

et al. 2024

Limnology & Oceanography

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Diatoms and biogenic silica (biogenic Si) in sediments are commonly analyzed as paleoceanographic environmental indicators. However, the correspondence between these sedimentary components and their counterparts in the water column above can vary over time and space. This study, undertaken in the northern South China Sea, compares diatoms and biogenic Si in sinking particles from the water column with those in surface sediments below. The results indicate substantial losses of diatoms and biogenic Si during sinking and burial, along with changes in diatom assemblages. About 6% of diatoms sinking from 1000 m depth are estimated to be preserved in sediments: 32% are recycled in the water column and 62% are lost at the sediment–water interface. Approximately, 12% of biogenic Si is preserved in sediments: 6% is remineralized in the water column and 82% is lost at the sediment–water interface. The differences between diatom and biogenic Si preservation and remineralization are likely due to differences in dissolution resistance among the various diatom species and between diatoms and other silicifiers (e.g., radiolarians), along with effects of lateral transport. This variability introduces uncertainties into paleoceanographic inferences made from these two proxies from the sediments. Thalassionema nitzschioides was found to dominate sediment assemblages, which we attribute to its great resistance to dissolution, and to be negatively correlated with diatom sinking fluxes. These properties suggest that in the northern South China Sea, T. nitzschioides may potentially be useful as an indicator of low paleoproductivity (e.g., as seen during strong El Niño events).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential dissolution of biogenic silica significantly affects the utility of sediment diatoms as paleoceanographic proxies

Ran,

Wiesner,

Liang

et al. 2024

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…A total of 12 time-series sinking particle samples from 4 October 2022 to 20 December 2022 were collected at 2 m above the seabed using a bottom-anchored sediment trap (MST 12 multi-sediment trap, Hydro-Bios, Germany). Before deployment, 11 sampling bottles with a capacity of 250 mL were filled with a seawater-based solution of sodium chloride (NaCl, 35 g/L) and mercury chloride (HgCl 2 , 3.3 g/L) to reduce diffusion and inhibit microbial growth [42,43].…”

Section: Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mussel Culture Activities Facilitate the Export and Burial of Particulate Organic Carbon

Han,

Zhang,

Lang

et al. 2024

JMSE

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The recent expansion of shellfish mariculture could significantly impact the ocean carbon cycle and its associated biogeochemical processes. To understand the source and fate of particulate organic carbon (POC), a summer cruise was conducted from September 8 to 10, 2022, at a mussel farm on Gouqi Island and its adjacent areas located in the East China Sea. Parameters included in situ temperature and salinity, contents of dissolved oxygen (DO), suspended particulate matter (SPM), POC, and chlorophyll a (Chl a), as well as the stable carbon isotopic composition (δ13C) of organic matter in particle and sediment samples, which were analyzed to facilitate a comparative assessment of the areas inside and outside the mussel farm. The POM was much fresher (POC/Chl a < 150) inside the farm with little impact from sediment resuspension (lower SPM content, 11.6 ± 6.6 mg/L), while a significant influence of sediment resuspension was found outside the farm (SPM > 20 mg/L, POC/Chl a > 150). A two end-member mixing model showed that 82.0 ± 6.0% of POC originated from marine algae within the farm, much higher than that outside the farming area (66.1 ± 7.8%). Moreover, elevated DO saturation but relatively low Chl a concentration within the farm suggested continuous algae consumption following potential high productivity. The averaged δ13C values were similar among suspended POC, sinking POC, and sedimentary organic carbon within the farm, implying the fast export and burial of POC. This is likely due to the filter-feeding habits of mussels, who ingest fresh POC and then pack it as fecal pellets that rapidly settle into the sediment. This study sheds light on the distribution and sources of POM inside and outside the mussel farm on Gouqi Island, enhancing our understanding of the marine carbon cycle on shellfish farms and providing insights into the underlying biogeochemical processes.

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“…Interannual variation of NPP in the SCS is jointly regulated by ENSO and IOD (Kong et al, 2019). ENSO events produce thermocline/nutricline anomalies that alter the nutrient supply to the true euphotic zone, which in turn affect primary productivity (Hu et al, 2021;Li et al, 2022). Moreover, the fractions of micro-and nano-phytoplankton in the SCS tend to rise during La Nina events (Li et al, 2017).…”

Section: Factors Influencing Interannual Variations In Npp Seasonalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal variability of satellite-derived primary production in the South China Sea from an absorption-based model

Wang²,

Xu³

et al. 2023

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Seasonal patterns of marine net primary production (NPP) are crucial for understanding the marine ecosystem and biogeochemical cycles. Uncoupling of seasonal variations between NPP and phytoplankton chlorophyll-a over different areas has attracted much attention. In this study, following a review of previous studies, monthly climatological NPP data from 2003 to 2020, estimated using the Size-fractioned Phytoplankton Pigment Absorption (aph)-based NPP Model (SABPM), were selected to study the seasonal variability of NPP in the South China Sea (SCS). Results showed the spatial differences of NPP seasonality and its departures from climatology in extreme El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) years. Cluster analysis for climatological monthly data identified significant differences of NPP seasonality in five typical regions. In coastal regions along the northern SCS and off eastern Vietnam, NPP exhibited the most obvious seasonal cycle with maximum (minimum) values in summer (winter), attributable mainly to river discharge and summer upwelling. In regions off northwestern Luzon and coast of southern SCS, NPP showed peaks in winter, which were related to strong mixing and upwelling. In northwestern SCS, NPP was high during May–September in phase with sea surface temperature and the primary controlling factors were found to be shallow nutricline depth and wind-driven mixing. Owing to the deep nutricline depth in the central basin, NPP exhibited little seasonal variability; only a weak signal was observed in spring in phase with photosynthetically active radiation. Local dynamics on regulating the nutrient supply and light availability contribute to these regional differences in NPP seasonality, which could also be affected by extreme climate events. The largest anomalies of the NPP seasonal cycle coincide with 2015/2016 ENSO and super IOD in 2020. During these events, enhanced (weakened) westerly winds caused fall (rise) of SLA and increase (decrease) of NPP in coastal regions along the northern SCS and that off eastern Vietnam. Overall, the aph-based model shows a new perspective to study the spatiotemporal variations of NPP in the SCS.

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Asymmetric Response of the Biological Carbon Pump to the ENSO in the South China Sea

Cited by 8 publications

References 41 publications

Differential dissolution of biogenic silica significantly affects the utility of sediment diatoms as paleoceanographic proxies

Differential dissolution of biogenic silica significantly affects the utility of sediment diatoms as paleoceanographic proxies

Mussel Culture Activities Facilitate the Export and Burial of Particulate Organic Carbon

Seasonal variability of satellite-derived primary production in the South China Sea from an absorption-based model

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