“…This class also includes benzo-fused lactams, such as 4.140 , 4.146 , and 4.173 , and tricyclic fused ring systems, such as 4.138 , 4.171 , 4.172 , and 4.181 . In general, increased substitution at the α-position to the nitrogen atom and additional constraints of the five-membered ring, such as unsaturation, conformationally rigid ring systems, and steric effects, lead to higher N-pyramidalization. − ,− …”