Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology

2023

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-17491-9_10

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Asymmetry of Evolutionary Patterns Between New World and Old World Equids and Among New World Equine Tribes

Christine M. Janis

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Cited by 4 publications

References 43 publications

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The Miocene Browsing Horses: Another Way to Be a Successful Large Equid

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2023

Fascinating Life Sciences

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The Miocene Browsing Horses: Another Way to Be a Successful Large Equid

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²

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2023

Fascinating Life Sciences

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Hippariontracks and horses' toes: the evolution of the equid single hoof

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et al. 2023

R. Soc. open sci.

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The traditional story of the evolution of the horse (family Equidae) has been in large part about the evolution of their feet. How did modern horses come to have a single toe (digit III), with the hoof bearing a characteristic V-shaped keratinous frog on the sole, and what happened to the other digits? While it has long been known that the proximal portions of digits II and IV are retained as the splint bones, a recent hypothesis suggested that the distal portion of these digits have also been retained as part of the frog, drawing upon the famous Laetoli footprints of the tridactyl (three-toed) equid Hipparion as part of the evidence. We show here that, while there is good anatomical and embryological evidence for the proximal portions of all the accessory digits (i.e. I and V, as well as II and IV) being retained in the feet of modern horses, evidence is lacking for the retention of any distal portions of these digits. There is also good ichnological evidence that many tridactyl equids possessed a frog, and that the frog has been part of the equid foot for much of equid evolutionary history.

An assessment of body size and dietary biases in fossil mammal assemblages of the Pleistocene of Eurasia

Parker,

Pushkina,

Liu

2024

Annales Zoologici Fennici

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