Asymptomatic bacteriuria Escherichia coli strain 83972 carries mutations in the foc locus and is unable to express F1C fimbriae

Roos, Viktoria; Schembri, Mark A.; Ulett, Glen C.; Klemm, Per

doi:10.1099/mic.0.28711-0

Cited by 74 publications

(71 citation statements)

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“…The high resistance of E. coli to numerous antimicrobial agents (antibiotics) observed in this present research may be due to indiscriminate and widespread use of these antibiotics in Abeokuta, Nigeria. Roos et al 3,19 stated that drug resistance in pathogens is a serious medical problem because of very fast turn over and spread of mutant strains, insusceptible of medical treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to widespread and injudicious use of antibiotics at community level we are encountered more and more resistance pattern of micro-organisms to common antibiotics 1 . Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common infectious diseases of humans and a major cause of morbidity and mortality [2][3] . It is estimated that 40-50 % of healthy adult women have experienced at least one UTI episode [2][3][4] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common infectious diseases of humans and a major cause of morbidity and mortality [2][3] . It is estimated that 40-50 % of healthy adult women have experienced at least one UTI episode [2][3][4] . UTI has become the most common hospital-acquired infection, accounting for as many as 35.0% of nosocomial infections, and it is the second most common cause of bacteraemia in hospitalized patients 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main factor pre-disposing to urinary tract infection has been attributed to poor personal hygiene and culture habit imposition 15,20 . Bacterial adhesion conferred by specific surface-associated adhesins is normally considered as a prerequisite for colonization of the urinary tract 3 .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Resistant plasmid profile analysis of multidrug resistant <i>Escherichia coli</i> isolated from urinary tract infections in Abeokuta, Nigeria

Akingbade¹,

Balogun²,

Ojo³

et al. 2015

Afr H. Sci.

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Background: Multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli has become a major threat and cause of many urinary tract infections (UTIs) in Abeokuta, Nigeria. Objectives: This study was carried out to determine the resistant plasmids of multidrug resistant Escherichia coli isolated from (Urinary tract infections)UTIs in Abeokuta. Methods: A total of 120 Escherichia coli isolates were obtained from urine samples collected from patients attending inpatient and outpatient clinics presenting UTI; with their biodata. Antibiotics susceptibility was performed and multi-drug resistant isolates were selected for plasmid profiling. Plasmids were extracted by the alkaline lysis method, electrophoresed on 0.8% agarose gel and profiled using a gel-photo documentation system gel. Results: Escherichia coli isolates obtained shows high resistance to cloxacillin (92.5%), amoxicillin (90.8%), ampicillin (90.8%), erythromycin (75.8%), cotrimoxazole (70.0%), streptomycin (70.0%) and tetracycline (68.3%) while 85.8% and 84.2% were susceptible to gentamycin and ceftazidime respectively. Sixteen Escherichia coli strains were observed to be resistant to more than two classes of antibiotics. The resistant plasmid DNA was detectable in 6(37.5%) of the 16 multidrug resistant Escherichia coli having single sized plasmids of the same weight 854bp and were all resistant to erythromycin, cefuroxime, cloxacillin, amoxicillin, ampicillin and cotrimoxazole. Conclusion: This study has highlighted the emergence of multidrug resistant R-plasmids among Escherichia coli causing urinary tract infections in Abeokuta, Nigeria. There is a high level of resistance to many antimicrobials that are frequently used in Abeokuta, Nigeria.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Resistant plasmid profile analysis of multidrug resistant <i>Escherichia coli</i> isolated from urinary tract infections in Abeokuta, Nigeria

Akingbade¹,

Balogun²,

Ojo³

et al. 2015

Afr H. Sci.

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“…The virulence of UPEC is derived from specific virulence genes that are not found in commensal E. coli [10]. Asymptomatic bacteriuria may be infused by E. coli that has lost virulence genes in evolution [11].…”

Section: Uti Pathogenesis: Multiple Virulence Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Defense Mechanisms during Urinary Tract Infection

Choi

Chang

2015

Urogenit Tract Infect

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The urinary tract is a common site of infection. The complete mechanisms of urinary tract infection (UTI) are still unknown. In general, the strategies of the uropathogenic Escherichia coli are adherence, motility, iron acquisition, toxin, and evasion of host immunity. Host immune responses play a significant part in defense of UTI. Various antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) including defensins, cathelicidin, hepcidin, ribonuclease 7, lactoferrin, lipocalin, Tamm-Horsfall protein, and secretory leukocyte proteinase inhibitor help to prevent UTI by modulation of innate and adaptive immunity. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role of microorganism identification in innate immunity. Stimulation of TLRs on the cell membrane by ligand of bacteria triggers production of inflammatory chemokines, cytokines, and AMPs. These mechanisms are an attempt to defend the urinary tract against UTI. Keywords: Urinary tract infections; Molecular biology INTRODUCTIONUrinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common infections that lead to out-patient and in-patient hospital visits. About 50% of women suffer from a UTI during their lifetime [1]. About 8 million female patients are treated annually for UTI alone in the United States and UTI recurs in about 30% of those who have normal function and anatomy of urinary tract [2]. UTI comprises acute uncomplicated cystitis and acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis. Acute uncomplicated cystitis results in dysuria, frequency, or urgency in healthy and non-pregnant women [3]. The diagnosis is aided by the presence of pyuria in voided urine and positive urine culture of at least 10 3 CFU/ml [3]. Acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis results in fever, costovertebral angle tenderness and flank pain in healthy and non-pregnant women and is similar to cystitis in lower urinary tract symptoms and laboratory analyses [4]. UTIs are commonly classified as uncomplicated and complicated. Complicated UTI occurs in patients with co-morbid illness or anatomic malformations of the urinary tract that can aggravate the risk of infection or therapeutic failure [5]. Complicating factors, for example, include the presence of catheter, obstructive uropathy, pregnancy, urinary stones, diabetes, and male gender. Most of them are main causes of pathogenesis in the host. Meanwhile, bacterial factors in UTI have been studied worldwide for decades with the main focus on Escherichia coli that is the most common pathogen in community acquired UTI [6]. Eighty percent to ninety percent of acute uncomplicated cystitis or acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis correspond to E. coli and the similar explanation applies to most complicated UTIs [7]. E. coli are classified into intestinal E. coli and extraintestinal E. coli. Most in vivo and clinical studies on extraintestinal E. coli related to UTI show that the specific adaptations of uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC)

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E. coli as an All-Rounder: The Thin Line Between Commensalism and Pathogenicity

Leimbach

Hacker

Dobrindt

2013

Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology

253

212

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Escherichia coli is a paradigm for a versatile bacterial species which comprises harmless commensal as well as different pathogenic variants with the ability to either cause intestinal or extraintestinal diseases in humans and many animal hosts. Because of this broad spectrum of lifestyles and phenotypes, E. coli is a well-suited model organism to study bacterial evolution and adaptation to different growth conditions and niches. The geno- and phenotypic diversity, however, also hampers risk assessment and strain typing. A marked genome plasticity is the key to the great variability seen in this species. Acquisition of genetic information by horizontal gene transfer, gene loss as well as other genomic modifications, like DNA rearrangements and point mutations, can constantly alter the genome content and thus the fitness and competitiveness of individual variants in certain niches. Specific gene subsets and traits have been correlated with an increased potential of E. coli strains to cause intestinal or extraintestinal disease. Intestinal pathogenic E. coli strains can be reliably discriminated from non-pathogenic, commensal, or from extraintestinal E. coli pathogens based on genome content and phenotypic traits. An unambiguous distinction of extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli and commensals is, nevertheless, not so easy, as strains with the ability to cause extraintestinal infection are facultative pathogens and belong to the normal flora of many healthy individuals. Here, we compare insights into phylogeny, geno-, and phenotypic traits of commensal and pathogenic E. coli. We demonstrate that the borderline between extraintestinal virulence and intestinal fitness can be blurred as improved adaptability and competitiveness may promote intestinal colonization as well as extraintestinal infection by E. coli.

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Asymptomatic bacteriuria Escherichia coli strain 83972 carries mutations in the foc locus and is unable to express F1C fimbriae

Cited by 74 publications

References 48 publications

Resistant plasmid profile analysis of multidrug resistant <i>Escherichia coli</i> isolated from urinary tract infections in Abeokuta, Nigeria

Resistant plasmid profile analysis of multidrug resistant <i>Escherichia coli</i> isolated from urinary tract infections in Abeokuta, Nigeria

Molecular Defense Mechanisms during Urinary Tract Infection

E. coli as an All-Rounder: The Thin Line Between Commensalism and Pathogenicity

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