Asymptomatic bacteriuria in diabetes mellitus patients in Southwest Cameroon

Abstract

Background: Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is common in diabetics and predisposes these patients to more severe urinary tract infections (UTIs). Reports on the prevalence and etiology of ASB especially in developing countries appear contradictory. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and etiology of ASB and antimicrobial resistance of urinary isolates in diabetics and non-diabetics. Methods: The study involved a total of 265 participants including 154 diabetes mellitus patients and 111 non-diabetics in Southwest Cameroon. Mid-stream urine was collected from consented subjects and each sample tested using the dipstick, microscopy and culture techniques. Isolates were identified using standard biochemical tests. Results: ASB was detected in 33.2% of participants; 38.3% in diabetics and 26.1% in non-diabetics (P = 0.03). Coagulasenegative staphylococci (CNS) were the predominant organisms (36.3%) isolated from urine in both diabetics and nondiabetics. Other isolates included Klebsiella sp (15.9%), Candida sp (13.7%), E. coli (10.8%) and Serratia sp (10.8%). Candida sp was isolated more from diabetics than non-diabetics (P = 0.01). There was no significant difference in resistance between diabetics and non-diabetics (P > 0.05). Most isolates showed multiple resistance and ciprofloxacin was the most active ingredient against bacterial uropathogens. Conclusion: The study revealed a high prevalence of ASB in diabetics than in non-diabetics. A change in the aetiologic spectrum was observed with Staphylococcus sp accounting for majority of ASB. Most isolates showed multiple resistance in both diabetics and non-diabetics; therefore the need to speed up sensitization against antibiotic abuse in Southwest Cameroon.

Prevalence of Bacteriuria and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns among Diabetic and Nondiabetic Patients Attending at Debre Tabor Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

“…However, it was lower than study findings reported from Italy (54.1%) versus (58.2%) [16] and Nepal (41.7%) versus (40) in the above order. In addition, the isolation rates of K. pneumoniae in the present study were 14.3% versus 11.1% which was similar to those reported from Cameroon (15.9%) [14] and Libya (13% versus 14%) [13]. …”

“…However, it is lower than a report from Cameroon (36.3%) [14]. This could be due to the appropriate use of antibiotics that may reduce the proliferation of S. saprophyticus bacteria or good personal hygiene practice.…”

Dental plaque–induced gingival conditions

“…Gingivitis is a consistent feature found in children with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes mellitus, and the level of glycemic control may be more important in determining the severity of gingival inflammation than the quality of plaque control . In adults with diabetes mellitus it is much more difficult to detect the effects of this endocrine disease on gingival diseases, and only limited evidence is available since most studies have evaluated gingival inflammation in association with attachment loss …”

Self-rated health and oral health in type 2 diabetic patients – a case-control study

“…7 Oral pathology is one of the major complications in DM2 patients and, therefore, it is important to intervene early in order to reduce the risk of a future interaction between these pathologies. [8][9][10][11] The emphasis on similarities between determinants of OH and GH is broadly consistent and leads to the conclusion that OH is an integral part of GH. 12 Some studies have identified associations between oral pathology and DM2, 1,8,13,14 and both are associated with a worse perceived GH 15 and worse oralhealth quality of life due to OH manifestations.…”