“…A total of 29 studies were identified in the published literature, including 25 case reports ( Ehrlich et al, 2018 ; Grimaux et al, 2018 ; Paul et al, 2018 ; Wang et al, 2018 ; Achufusi et al, 2019 ; Grossberg, 2019 ; Haidari et al, 2019 ; Johnston and Veettil, 2019 ; Philipose et al, 2019 ; Rodriguez et al, 2019 ; Shimizu et al, 2019 ; Smith et al, 2019 ; Darch et al, 2020 ; Fieldhouse et al, 2020 ; Marin et al, 2020 ; Merino Gallego et al, 2020 ; Nazarian et al, 2020 ; Ali et al, 2021 ; Mu et al, 2021 ; Obeidat and Murakami, 2021 ; Ma et al, 2022 ; Sykaras et al, 2022 ; Kukol et al, 2019 ; Nallapeta et al, 2019 ; Sethi et al, 2019 ) and 4 case series ( Fobelo et al, 2018 ; Shukla et al, 2018 ; Vernero et al, 2019 ; Lee et al, 2020 ); a total of 34 cases raised evidence of IBD occurrence during therapy with SEC (27 cases, 79.4%) and IXE (7 cases, 20.6%). Characteristics of the included cases are presented in Table 4 .…”