Asymptomatic Dengue Virus Infections, Cambodia, 2012–2013

Ly, Sowath; Fortas, Camille; Duong, Veasna; Benmarhnia, Tarik; Sakuntabhai, Anavaj; Rácz, Paul; Huy, Rekol; Sorn, Sopheak; Nguon, Kunthy; Chan, Siam; Kimsan, Souv; Ong, Sivuth; Kim, Kim Srorn; Buoy, Sowathy; Voeung, Lim; Dussart, Philippe; Buchy, Philippe; Tarantola, Arnaud

doi:10.3201/eid2507.181794

Cited by 27 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Positive samples were subsequently tested for neutralizing antibodies (nAb) against JEV and dengue virus serotype 3 (DENV-3) by foci reduction neutralization test (FRNT) if a sufficient volume of sera remained. The strategy to test for both JEV and DENV was chosen because DENV is known to be widespread in the region [ 43 , 44 ] and to induce cross-reactions with anti-JEV antibodies [ 45 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Japanese Encephalitis Force of Infection in Pigs, Poultry and Dogs in Cambodian Villages

et al. 2020

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Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is the main cause of human viral encephalitis in Asia, with a mortality rate reaching 30%, mostly affecting children. The traditionally described cycle involving wild birds as reservoirs, pigs as amplifying hosts and Culex mosquitoes as vectors is questioned, with increasing evidence of a more complex multi-host system involved in areas where densities of pigs are low, such as in Cambodia. In 2018, we examined pigs, chickens, ducks and dogs from Kandal province, Cambodia, for antibody response against JEV by hemagglutination inhibition and virus neutralization assays. Forces of infection (FOI) for flaviviruses and JEV were estimated per species and per unit of body surface area (BSA). JEV seroprevalence reached 31% (95% CI: 23–41%) in pigs, 1% (95% CI: 0.1–3%) in chickens, 12% (95% CI: 7–19%) in ducks and 35% (95% CI: 28–42%) in dogs. Pigs were most likely to be infected (FOI: 0.09 per month), but the FOI was higher in ducks than in pigs for a given BSA (ratio of 0.13). Dogs had a lower FOI than ducks but a higher FOI than chickens (0.01 per month). For a given BSA, dogs were less likely to be infected than pigs (ratio of 1.9). In Cambodia, the virus may be circulating between multiple hosts. Dogs live in close contact with humans, and estimating their exposure to JEV infection could be a relevant indicator of the risk for humans to get infected, which is poorly known due to underdiagnosis. Understanding the JEV cycle and developing tools to quantify the exposure of humans is essential to adapt and support control measures for this vaccine-preventable disease.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Japanese Encephalitis Force of Infection in Pigs, Poultry and Dogs in Cambodian Villages

et al. 2020

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“…Many of the mosquito-borne pathogens currently limited to the tropics and sub-tropics are anticipated to extend their current geographical ranges, invading more temperate regions [ 45 ]. Globalization and increased international travel and trade will enable the unwitting importation of invasive mosquito vectors and mosquito-borne pathogens from endemic areas into formerly disease-free regions, given that infections following infection by many such pathogens can be symptom-free [ 46 , 47 , 48 ]. This potential for the spread of mosquito-borne diseases into temperate regions has already occurred with dengue or the chikungunya virus transmission detected sporadically in France [ 49 , 50 ], Madeira [ 51 ], and Croatia [ 52 ]; and there have been frequent outbreaks in the USA [ 53 , 54 ], where historically both malaria and yellow fever epidemics occurred frequently until the middle of the 20th century [ 55 , 56 , 57 ].…”

Section: Urban Mosquito-borne Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges to Mitigating the Urban Health Burden of Mosquito-Borne Diseases in the Face of Climate Change

Ligsay

Telle

Rácz

2021

IJERPH

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Cities worldwide are facing ever-increasing pressure to develop mitigation strategies for all sectors to deal with the impacts of climate change. Cities are expected to house 70% of the world’s population by 2050, and developing related resilient health systems is a significant challenge. Because of their physical nature, cities’ surface temperatures are often substantially higher than that of the surrounding rural areas, generating the so-called Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. Whilst considerable emphasis has been placed on strategies to mitigate against the UHI-associated negative health effects of heat and pollution in cities, mosquito-borne diseases have largely been ignored. However, the World Health Organization estimates that one of the main consequences of global warming will be an increased burden of mosquito-borne diseases, many of which have an urban facet to their epidemiology and thus the global population exposed to these pathogens will steadily increase. Current health mitigation strategies for heat and pollution, for example, may, however, be detrimental for mosquito-borne diseases. Implementation of multi-sectoral strategies that can benefit many sectors (such as water, labor, and health) do exist or can be envisaged and would enable optimal use of the meagre resources available. Discussion among multi-sectoral stakeholders should be actively encouraged.

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“…Moreover, with increasing global temperatures mosquito-borne pathogens, although currently limited to the tropics and sub-tropics are anticipated to extend their current geographical ranges, invading more temperate regions [33]. Globalisation and increased international travel and trade will enable unwitting importation of mosquito-borne pathogens from endemic areas into formerly disease-free regions, given that infections following infection by many such pathogens can be symptom-free [34][35][36]. This potential for the spread of mosquito-borne diseases into temperate regions has already occurred with dengue or Chikungunya virus transmission detected sporadically in France [37,38], Madeira [39], Croatia [40], intermittently in the USA [41,42].…”

Section: Climate Change and Mosquito-borne Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Challenge of Controlling Urban Mosquito-Borne Diseases in a Changing Urban Climate

Ligsay¹,

Telle²,

Rácz³

2021

Preprint

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Cities worldwide are facing ever-increasing pressure to develop mitigation strategies for all sectors to deal with the impacts of climate change. Cities are expected to house 70% of the world’s population by 2050 and developing related resilient health systems is a significant challenge. Because of their physical nature, cities’ surface temperatures are often substantially higher than that of the surrounding rural areas, generating the so-called Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. Whilst considerable emphasis has been placed on strategies to mitigate against the UHI-associated negative health effects of heat and pollution, the World Health Organization estimates that one of the main consequences of global warming will be an increased burden of such vector-borne diseases. Many of the major mosquito-borne diseases are urban and thus the global population exposed to these pathogens will steadily increase. Mitigation strategies beneficial for one sector may, however, be detrimental for another. Implementation of inter-sectoral strategies that can benefit many sectors (such as water, labour and health) do exist and would enable optimal use of the meagre resources available. Discussion among inter-sectoral stakeholders should be actively encouraged.

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Asymptomatic Dengue Virus Infections, Cambodia, 2012–2013

Cited by 27 publications

References 34 publications

Comparison of Japanese Encephalitis Force of Infection in Pigs, Poultry and Dogs in Cambodian Villages

Comparison of Japanese Encephalitis Force of Infection in Pigs, Poultry and Dogs in Cambodian Villages

Challenges to Mitigating the Urban Health Burden of Mosquito-Borne Diseases in the Face of Climate Change

The Challenge of Controlling Urban Mosquito-Borne Diseases in a Changing Urban Climate

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