Asymptomatic HIV infection does not cause EEG abnormalities

Nuwer, Marc R.; Miller, Eric N.; Visscher, Barbara R.; Niedermeyer, E.; Packwood, James W.; Carlson, Linda G.; Satz, Paul; Jankel, William R.; McArthur, J. C.

doi:10.1212/wnl.42.6.1214

Cited by 40 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…EEG changes are uncommon and mild in alcoholic dementia unless it is combined with hepatic encephalopa thy [103,104], EEG is usually normal in neuro-psvchologically unimpaired patients infected with / / / f ' [ 105] AIDS and AIDS-related complex, the incidence and sever ity of abnormal EEG increases with the development of AIDS-related dementia with diffuse and/or focal slowing and in 10% focal epileptiform activity [106]. In normal pressure hydrocephalus the EEG shows a diffuse slowing which is correlated with the CSF outflow resistance.…”

Section: Eeg In Dementia Of V Arious Aetiologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroencephalography as a Diagnostic Tool in Dementia

Rosén

1997

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Clinical electroencephalography is a relatively simple and inexpensive diagnostic tool with a high sensitivity for diffuse organic encephalopathy of various aetiologies but with a rather low specificity for the type of diagnosis. The highest sensitivity is shown in DAT and Parkinson dementia, and in these conditions the degree of EEG abnormality is correlated with the disease severity. Quantification of EEG makes these correlations more reliable and provides a method for monitoring therapeutic effects. Dementias with predominantly frontal pathology show much less EEG abnormality, and in these conditions the EEG is often normal despite obvious clinical dementia. Also, alcohol dementias often show normal EEG patterns. At an early stage of clinical evaluation, EEG may be useful in the discrimination of organic dementia from pseudodementia, because EEG is usually normal in depression, confusion, agitation and other psychiatric conditions. In pseudodementia due to intoxication with sedatives the EEG is usually dominated by diffuse β activity. At the stage of differential diagnosis of an organic brain disorder, EEG cannot reliably discriminate between encephalopathies secondary to hydrocephalus, AIDS, cerebrovascular disease, B12 deficiency and primary degenerative diseases such as DAT. More specific EEG patterns are seen in acute cerebrovascular lesions, metabolic encephalopathies, i.e. of hepatic origin, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, herpes encephalitis, and nonconvulsive status epilepticus as possible causes of a rapidly deteriorating mental and neurological condition. Repeated EEG recordings over time would add significantly to the diagnostic information. New techniques such as topographical brain mapping, analysis of the EEG during REM sleep, coherence analysis of the EEG activity, and the combination of quantified EEG techniques with evoked potentials and event-related potentials will presumably add to the sensitivity as well as the specificity of the electrophysiological methods in the diagnosis of dementia.

show abstract

Section: Eeg In Dementia Of V Arious Aetiologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroencephalography as a Diagnostic Tool in Dementia

Rosén

1997

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Other abnormalities included a lower maximal amplitude of dominant background activity and more marked generalized and anterior disturbances on EEG in early HIV-1 infection compared with uninfected controls (99). However, in a series from the multicenter AIDS cohort study, no EEG abnormalities could be attributed to HIV-1 infection in otherwise asymptomatic individuals (274). Computerized spectral analysis of the EEG has also been used in this regard (173,281,282) and may be more sensitive than routine EEG (282).…”

Section: Neuropsychological Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection of the brain

et al. 1993

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Direct infection of the central nervous system by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the causative agent of AIDS, was not appreciated in the early years of the AIDS epidemic. Neurological complications associated with AIDS were largely attributed to opportunistic infections that arose as a result of the immunocompromised state of the patient and to depression. In 1985, several groups succeeded in isolating HIV-1 directly from brain tissue. Also that year, the viral genome was completely sequenced, and HIV-1 was found to belong to a neurotropic subfamily of retrovirus known as the Lentivirinae. These findings clearly indicated that direct HIV-1 infection of the central nervous system played a role in the development of AIDS-related neurological disease. This review summarizes the clinical manifestations of HIV-1 infection of the central nervous system and the related neuropathology, the tropism of HIV-1 for specific cell types both within and outside of the nervous system, the possible mechanisms by which HIV-1 damages the nervous system, and the current strategies for diagnosis and treatment of HIV-1-associated neuropathology.

show abstract

“…The MACS study13 has reported no difference in the incidence of EEG abnormalities in asymptomatic subjects when compared with seronegative controls, but Parisi et al 14 reported that EEG abnormality might be a predictor of CNS involvement.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Evidence of CNS impairment in HIV infection: clinical, neuropsychological, EEG, and MRI/MRS study

Harrison

Newman

Hall-Craggs

et al. 1998

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives-Toidentify by clinical examination, EEG, MRI, and proton spectroscopy, and neuropsychological assessment the prevalence of signs of CNS involvement in patients infected with HIV, and to relate such findings to the evidence of immunosuppression. Methods-The design was a cross sectional analysis of a cohort of male patients with infected HIV with an AIDS defining diagnosis or low CD4 count (<350), and seropositive asymptomatic subjects, both groups being followed up in a longitudinal study. Control groups consisted of seronegative subjects from the same genitourinary medicine clinics. Results-This report sets out the cross sectional findings at the seventh visit in the longitudinal study. Patients with AIDS had more signs of neurological dysfunction, poorer performance on a neuropsychological test battery, were more likely to have an abnormal EEG, and to have abnormalities on MRI. They more often had cerebral atrophy, abnormal appearing white matter, , and abnormal relaxometry and spectroscopy. There was little evidence of abnormality in seropositive people who had a CD4 count >350 compared with seronegative people from a similar background. Conclusions-Detailed testing failed to disclose significant CNS impairment without immunosuppression in men infected with HIV. Findings from MRI and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) correlated with those of the neurological examination and neuropsychogical assessment. A combination of such assessments oVers a simple surrogate for studies of CNS involvement in HIV disease. (J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998;65:301-307)

show abstract

Asymptomatic HIV infection does not cause EEG abnormalities

Cited by 40 publications

References 0 publications

Electroencephalography as a Diagnostic Tool in Dementia

Electroencephalography as a Diagnostic Tool in Dementia

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection of the brain

Evidence of CNS impairment in HIV infection: clinical, neuropsychological, EEG, and MRI/MRS study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About