Asynchronous decentralized method for interconnected electricity markets

Convergence analysis of an asynchronous peer-to-peer market with communication delays

“…The optimal power flow problem is also solved with asynchronous algorithms in [19,20,21,22]. In [20], the general non-linear constrained optimization problem (AC-OPF) is solved with asynchronous ADMM in a completely decentralized manner.…”

“…The iterations threshold comes from the number of messages that an agent receives, and the communication delays are randomly generated within a range. The AC-OPF is also solved in [21] using an asynchronous Lagrangian relaxation method. The global market is split into several local markets that communicate asynchronously with each other.…”

“…Some even used empirical communication delays as they directly implemented their algorithms on hardware [13,16]. Extending the asynchronous algorithms to power network related problems, some papers have chosen to keep using simple communication delay models: [20] samples a delay from a uniform distribution and [21] uses a unique fixed delay of 10 ms and relies on the empirical computation delay differences. However, considering the application of distributed algorithm to power network where the computational agents might not be located in the same areas, these aforementioned communication delays might be limited in regards to real world application.…”

Social welfare maximization for congestion management in multiutility market using improved PSO incorporating transmission loss cost allocation

“…In the expression (11), all the generators and demands of kth utility can be rescheduled to maximize their welfare without violating the local constraints as in (2) to (7). These local constraints are the operational limits of participants in an individual utility without interfering with the influence of other utilities.…”

“…In such a market, only the system information is shared to maximize the social welfare. [7][8][9][10] Another reason behind decentralization of markets is their operational benefits over centralized markets in taking decisions during congestion in the system. 11,12 In pre-deregulation period, congestion used to be managed by controlling the generators output.…”