Asynchronous replication dynamics of imprinted and non-imprinted chromosome regions in early mouse embryos

May, Andreas; Reifenberg, Kurt; Zechner, Ulrich; Haaf, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2008.07.009

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Like random autosomal monoallelic genes, imprinted genes mainly reside in clusters, which are frequently in chromosomal regions of asynchronous replication 49. Thus, some are flanked by olfactory or vomeronasal receptor genes ( Dlk1 , Gnas , Igf2 , Cdkn1c and Peg3 ) or by certain classes of the immune system genes 12.…”

Section: Genomic Imprintingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monoallelic gene expression and mammalian evolution

Keverne

2009

BioEssays

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Monoallelic gene expression has played a significant role in the evolution of mammals enabling the expansion of a vast repertoire of olfactory receptor types and providing increased sensitivity and diversity. Monoallelic expression of immune receptor genes has also increased diversity for antigen recognition, while the same mechanism that marks a single allele for preferential rearrangement also provides a distinguishing feature for directing hypermutations. Random monoallelic expression of the X chromosome is necessary to balance gene dosage across sexes. In marsupials only the maternal X chromosome is expressed, while in eutherian mammals the paternal X genes are silenced in the developing placenta and early blastocyst. These examples of epigenetic gene regulation commonly employ asynchrony of replication, the binding of polycomb proteins and antisense RNA, and histone modifications to chromatin structure. The same is true for genomic imprinting which among vertebrates is unique to mammals and represents a special kind of epigenetic modification that is heritable according to parent of origin. Genomic imprinting pervades many aspects of mammalian growth and evolution but in particular has played a significant role in the co-adaptive evolution of the mother and foetus.

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Section: Genomic Imprintingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monoallelic gene expression and mammalian evolution

Keverne

2009

BioEssays

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“…It was suggested that the maternal inactivation of the locus also negatively affected the paternal expression, but a paternally inherited mutated locus escapes the inactivation in the presence of a maternally inherited wild-type allele and leads to the callipygous phenotype. Phenomenon like this have their molecular origin in a DNA methylation ‘reset’ that occurs during gametogenesis, the fusion of oocyte and spermatocyte in the zygote and the following early embryogenesis [48,49]. As seen in the callipyge sheep example, small genetic differences can affect the reprogramming processes and lead to different gene expression patterns and phenotypes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the myostatin locus on muscle mass and intramuscular fat content in a cross between mouse lines selected for hypermuscularity

et al. 2013

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BackgroundThis study is aimed at the analysis of genetic and physiological effects of myostatin on economically relevant meat quality traits in a genetic background of high muscularity. For this purpose, we generated G3 populations of reciprocal crosses between the two hypermuscular mouse lines BMMI866, which carries a myostatin mutation and is lean, and BMMI806, which has high intramuscular and body fat content. To assess the relationship between muscle mass, body composition and muscle quality traits, we also analysed intramuscular fat content (IMF), water holding capacity (WHC), and additional physiological parameters in M. quadriceps and M. longissimus in 308 G3-animals.ResultsWe found that individuals with larger muscles have significantly lower total body fat (r = −0.28) and IMF (r = −0.64), and in females, a lower WHC (r = −0.35). In males, higher muscle mass was also significantly correlated with higher glycogen contents (r = 0.2) and lower carcass pH-values 24 hours after dissection (r = −0.19). Linkage analyses confirmed the influence of the myostatin mutation on higher lean mass (1.35 g), reduced body fat content (−1.15%), and lower IMF in M. longissimus (−0.13%) and M. quadriceps (−0.07%). No effect was found for WHC. A large proportion of variation of intramuscular fat content of the M. longissimus at the myostatin locus could be explained by sex (23%) and direction-of-cross effects (26%). The effects were higher in males (+0.41%). An additional locus with negative over-dominance effects on total fat mass (−0.55 g) was identified on chromosome 16 at 94 Mb (86–94 Mb) which concurs with fat related QTL in syntenic regions on SSC13 in pigs and BTA1 in cattle.ConclusionThe data shows QTL effects on mouse muscle that are similar to those previously observed in livestock, supporting the mouse model. New information from the mouse model helps to describe variation in meat quantity and quality, and thus contribute to research in livestock.

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“…Safe conclusions on the chromosomal content of the oocyte can be made only if both the first and second polar body give optimum hybridization results. Our laboratory has a long-standing expertise (>10 years) in different applications of interphase FISH, including single-blastomere analysis (33)(34)(35). Even for experienced molecular cytogeneticists, evaluation of the FISH signals in polar bodies is difficult and time consuming.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%