At least eighty percent of brain grey matter is modifiable by physical activity: A review study

Batouli, Seyed Amir Hossein; Saba, Valiallah

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2017.06.002

Cited by 76 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 197 publications

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“…Some studies have shown that G-forces during shuttle launches and linear acceleration-based injuries need to be considered as contributors for possible subconcussion impacts in the astronauts' brain while we investigate the short-term increases in the intracranial pressure in this population. 19 Alternatively, given previously shown changes of the anterior optic system in microgravity, 4 our findings may be ascribed to possible degeneration of the optic radiation and associate visual cortices secondary to changes of the optic nerve.…”

Section: Fractional Anisotropy and Mean Diffusivitymentioning

confidence: 55%

“…Future in‐vivo measurements of human brain CSF dynamics may provide better insight into the cerebral mechanisms of adaptation in microgravity condition. Some studies have shown that G‐forces during shuttle launches and linear acceleration‐based injuries need to be considered as contributors for possible subconcussion impacts in the astronauts’ brain while we investigate the short‐term increases in the intracranial pressure in this population …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent review of 53 studies, all recruited healthy participants, showed that the volume of a large network of brain areas including at least 82% of the gray matter would increase in response to physical activity . Exercise‐induced enhancement of cerebral blood flow and volume, neurogenesis, angiogenesis, hormonal effects, and alteration of the concentration of brain metabolites should be considered as potential causes for this phenomenon which is defined as activity‐induced neuroplasticity . Yasuda et al showed that inactive axons in the hippocampus are eliminated by active axons in an activity‐dependent competition as evidence of neuroplasticity .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20 Exercise-induced enhancement of cerebral blood flow and volume, neurogenesis, angiogenesis, hormonal effects, and alteration of the concentration of brain metabolites should be considered as potential causes for this phenomenon which is defined as activity-induced neuroplasticity. 19 Yasuda et al showed that inactive axons in the hippocampus are eliminated by active axons in an activity-dependent competition as evidence of neuroplasticity. 20 Taken as a whole, thalamic volume reduction might be secondary to proportional inactivity of the astronauts in their space missions or decreased sensorimotor input resulted by microgravity and lack of a large enriched environment, 21 which could be further investigated.…”

Section: Thalamic Volumementioning

confidence: 99%

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Longitudinal Analysis of Quantitative Brain MRI in Astronauts Following Microgravity Exposure

Riascos

Kamali

Hakimelahi

et al. 2019

Journal of Neuroimaging

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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Assessment of the effects of microgravity on astronauts’ brains using microstructural measures by utilizing quantitative MRI, before and after spaceflight would help understand the structural changes. METHODS Quantitative MRI data sets in 19 astronauts were acquired before and after space missions. Both diffusion tensor metrics and volumetric measures were analyzed in the brain regions involved in the visual function. RESULTS The fractional anisotropy was reduced in the right posterior thalamic radiations (P = .0009) and remained significant after a false discovery rate (FDR) correction (P = .03). A trend of increase in the mean diffusivities of different subregions of the occipital cortex on the right side, including calcarine, middle occipital, inferior occipital, and fusiform gyri, was noted and became insignificant after FDR correction. Similarly, there was a trend of cortical thinning involving the right occipital lobe and bilateral fusiform gyri, volume reduction of the left thalamus, and increase in lateral ventricular volume in the postflight scans. CONCLUSION Gray and white matter alterations are detected by quantitative MRI before and after space flight. Our findings may be used to understand the neuroanatomical mechanisms of possible brain dysfunction or neuroplasticity in microgravity condition in the future studies.

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Section: Fractional Anisotropy and Mean Diffusivitymentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Thalamic Volumementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Longitudinal Analysis of Quantitative Brain MRI in Astronauts Following Microgravity Exposure

Riascos

Kamali

Hakimelahi

et al. 2019

Journal of Neuroimaging

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“…In a recent review published in Behavioral Brain Research (Batouli and Saba, 2017 ), Batouli and Saba concluded that “ at least 80% of brain gray matter is modifiable by physical activity .” While we believe that this review was well-conducted and well-intentioned, we disagree with the overall conclusion statement because as it overstates the extant findings. The authors summarized the brain areas and the total number of times that each area was reported in individual studies, and then created a single map containing these brain regions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Commentary: At least eighty percent of brain grey matter is modifiable by physical activity: a review study

Esteban‐Cornejo

Catena

Hillman

et al. 2018

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Interindividual differences in gray and white matter properties are associated with early complex motor skill acquisition

Lehmann

Tolentino-Castro

Kaminski

et al. 2019

Human Brain Mapping

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Brain circuits mediate but also constrain experience‐induced plasticity and corresponding behavioral changes. Here we tested whether interindividual behavioral differences in learning a challenging new motor skill correlate with variations in brain anatomy. Young, healthy participants were scanned using structural magnetic resonance imaging (T1‐weighted MPRAGE, n = 75 and/or diffusion‐weighted MRI, n = 59) and practiced a complex whole‐body balancing task on a seesaw‐like platform. Using conjunction tests based on the nonparametric combination (NPC) methodology, we found that gray matter volume (GMV) in the right orbitrofrontal cortex was positively related to the subjects' initial level of proficiency and their ability to improve performance during practice. Similarly, we obtained a strong trend toward a positive correlation between baseline fractional anisotropy (FA) in commissural prefrontal fiber pathways and later motor learning. FA results were influenced more strongly by radial than axial diffusivity. However, we did not find unique anatomical correlates of initial performance and learning to rate. Our findings reveal structural predispositions for successful motor skill performance and acquisition in frontal brain structures and underlying frontal white matter tracts. Together with previous results, these findings support the view that structural constraints imposed by the brain determine subsequent behavioral success and underline the importance of structural brain network constitution before learning starts.

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At least eighty percent of brain grey matter is modifiable by physical activity: A review study

Cited by 76 publications

References 197 publications

Longitudinal Analysis of Quantitative Brain MRI in Astronauts Following Microgravity Exposure

Longitudinal Analysis of Quantitative Brain MRI in Astronauts Following Microgravity Exposure

Commentary: At least eighty percent of brain grey matter is modifiable by physical activity: a review study

Interindividual differences in gray and white matter properties are associated with early complex motor skill acquisition

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