“…In 1956, hydroxychloroquine was reported to be effective in discoid lupus with less toxicity than chloroquine at equivalent doses [3]. From this era, when corticosteroids were just being introduced, there are dozens of reports of the efficacy of quinacrine for discoid and systemic lupus [4][5][6][7]. Dubois described highly favorable responses to quinacrine [8] and interestingly reported that quinacrine impaired the formation of LE cells in vitro [9].…”