Atellitic thermal infrared brightness temperature anomaly image—short-term and impending earthquake precursors

Qiang, Zuji; Dian, Changgong; Li, Lingzhi; Xu, Min; Ge, Fengsha; Liu, Tao; Zhao, Yong; Guo, Manhong

doi:10.1007/bf02878968

Cited by 50 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In 1980, Russian researchers detected thermal anomalies prior to an earthquake in central Asia using satellite images. Then, other researchers reported more observations on thermal anomalies before strong earthquakes (Qiang et al, 1999, Tronin, 2000, Tronin et al 2002, Saraf and Choudhury, 2005a, b, Ouzounov and Freund, 2004, Choudhury et al, 2006and Genzano et al, 2007. Some remote sensing satellites can measure the radiations coming from the earth in thermal bands and provide useful information prior to earthquakes.…”

Section: Thermal Anomaly Precursormentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of the date, magnitude and affected area of impending strong earthquakes using integration of multi precursors earthquake parameters

Saradjian¹,

Akhoondzadeh²

2011

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Usually a precursor alone might not be useful as an accurate, precise, and stand-alone criteria for the earthquake parameters prediction. Therefore it is more appropriate to exploit parameters extracted from a variety of individual precursors so that their simultaneous integration would reduce the parameters's uncertainty.In our previous studies, five strong earthquakes which happened in the Samoa Islands, Sichuan (China), L'Aquila (Italy), Borujerd (Iran) and Zarand (Iran) have been analyzed to locate unusual variations in the time series of the different earthquake precursors. In this study, we have attempted to estimate earthquake parameters using the detected anomalies in the mentioned case studies.Using remote sensing observations, this study examines variations of electron and ion density, electron temperature, total electron content (TEC), electric and magnetic fields and land surface temperature (LST) several days before the studied earthquakes. Regarding the ionospheric precursors, the geomagnetic indices D st and K p were used to distinguish pre-earthquake disturbed states from the other anomalies related to the geomagnetic activities.The inter-quartile range of data was utilized to construct their upper and lower bound to detect disturbed states outsides the bounds which might be associated with impending earthquakes.When the disturbed state associated with an impending earthquake is detected, based on the type of precursor, the number of days relative to the earthquake day is estimated. Then regarding the deviation value of the precursor from the undisturbed state the magnitude of the impending earthquakeCorrespondence to: M. Akhoondzadeh (makhonz@ut.ac.ir) is estimated. The radius of the affected area is calculated using the estimated magnitude and Dobrovolsky formula.In order to assess final earthquake parameters (i.e. date, magnitude and radius of the affected area) for each case study, the earthquake parameters obtained from different earthquake precursors were integrated. In other words, for each case study using the median and inter-quartile range of earthquake parameters, the bounds of the final earthquake parameters were defined. For each studied case, a close agreement was found between the estimated and registered earthquake parameters.

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Section: Thermal Anomaly Precursormentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of the date, magnitude and affected area of impending strong earthquakes using integration of multi precursors earthquake parameters

Saradjian¹,

Akhoondzadeh²

2011

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…Thermal anomaly phenomena before earthquake were widely studied in the world during the past decades (Qiang et al, 1999;Qiang, 2001;Tronin et al, 2002;Ouzounov and Freund 2004;Saraf and Choudhury, 2005a, b). Before an earthquake event the region undergoes a long preparation period during which tectonic stress within the Earth has been developed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Surface latent heat flux anomalies preceding inland earthquakes in China

Qin

Guo

2009

Earthq Sci

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Using data from the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), the paper analyzed the surface latent heat flux (SLHF) variations for five inland earthquakes occurred in some lake area, moist area and arid area of China during recent years. We used the SLHF daily and monthly data to differentiate the global and seasonal variability from the transient local anomalies. The temporal scale of the observed variations is 1-2 months before and after the earthquakes, and spatial scale is about 10°×10°. The result suggests that the SLHFs adjacent the epicenters all are anomalous high value (>μ+2σ) 8-30 days before the shocks as compared with past several years of data. Different from the abnormal meteorological phenomenon, the distribution of the anomalies was isolated and local, which usually occurred in the epicenter and its adjacent area, or along the fault lines. The increase of SLHF was tightly related with the season which the earthquake occurs in; the maximal (125 W/m 2 , Pu'er earthquake) and minimal (25 W/m 2 , Gaize earthquake) anomalies were in summer and winter, respectively. The abundant surface water and groundwater in the epicenter and its adjacent region can provide necessary condition for the change of SLHF. To further confirm the reliability of SLHF anomaly, it is necessary to explore its physical mechanism in depth by more earthquake cases.

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“…Through subsequent studies, pre-earthquake thermal anomaly was observed in case of many earthquakes that occurred in China, Japan (Tronin 1996(Tronin , 2000Tronin et al 2002;Qiang et al 1991Qiang et al , 1997Qiang et al , 1999, Italy (Tramutoli et al 2001(Tramutoli et al , 2005Filizolla et al 2004;Genzano et al 2007), USA (Ouzounov and Freund 2004;Ouzounov et al 2006) and India, Iran Choudhury 2003, 2005a, b, c;Saraf et al 2008;Choudhury et al 2006) etc. These studies were based on detection of satellite data-based enhanced land surface temperature.…”

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confidence: 95%

Anomalous land surface temperature and outgoing long-wave radiation observations prior to earthquakes in India and Romania

et al. 2011

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Cumulative stress energy in an earthquake preparation zone under operating tectonic force manifests various observable signs of the impending earthquake, i.e., earthquake precursors. This energy transformation may result in enhanced transient thermal infrared (TIR) emission, which can be detected through satellites equipped with thermal sensors like AVHRR (NOAA), MODIS (Terra/Aqua). This paper presents observations made using NOAA-AVHRR data-derived land surface temperature (LST) and outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR) values in case of two moderate earthquakes (22 July 2007, Yamnotri earthquake, India and 27 October 2004, Vrancea earthquake, Romania) using anomalous TIR signals as reflected in LST rise and high OLR values can be seen conspicuously and following similar growth pattern spatially and temporally. In both the cases, data analysis revealed a transient thermal infrared rise in LST ranging 5-10°C around epicentral areas. The thermal anomalies started developing about 7-8 days prior to the main event depending upon the magnitude and focal depth and disappeared after the main shock. Similarly, the OLR values *30-45 W/m 2 higher than the normal were observed 7-8 days prior to the main event. The rise in LST can be attributed to enhanced greenhouse gas emission from the squeezed rock pore spaces and/or to the activation of p-holes in stressed rock volume and their further recombination at rock-air interface. OLR is temperature and humidity dependent, and any change in these variables may be responsible for anomalous OLR values.

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Atellitic thermal infrared brightness temperature anomaly image—short-term and impending earthquake precursors

Cited by 50 publications

References 3 publications

Prediction of the date, magnitude and affected area of impending strong earthquakes using integration of multi precursors earthquake parameters

Prediction of the date, magnitude and affected area of impending strong earthquakes using integration of multi precursors earthquake parameters

Surface latent heat flux anomalies preceding inland earthquakes in China

Anomalous land surface temperature and outgoing long-wave radiation observations prior to earthquakes in India and Romania

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