Laser induced cooling of solids, also known as optical refrigeration, is different to laser cooling of atoms, and was originally proposed in 1929 by Pringsheim. It was not achieved experimentally until 1995 at the Los Alamos National Laboratory by Epstein's group. Since that time, several proposal for cooling have been made and demonstrated, pushing the achievable coldness towards cryogenic temperatures. In addition, radiation balanced lasers, in which heat is mitigated by laser cooling has also been implemented. This powerful technique enables the scaling of optical powers in lasers, has no moving parts and the electrical connections are entirely remote to the laser. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)