Atherogenic dyslipidemia and cardiovascular risk in children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Alkhouri, Naim; Carter–Kent, Christine; Elias, Michael; Feldstein, Ariel E.

doi:10.2217/clp.11.19

Cited by 31 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 104 publications

(99 reference statements)

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“…The CD pattern is seen on a standard lipid profile and with NMR analysis in more than half of patients with NAFLD. 95 NAFLD has been shown to be a strong, independent predictor of CVD in adults. 96,97 In children and adolescents, NAFLD is also associated with atherosclerosis at autopsy and with ultrasound vascular markers associated with atherosclerosis.…”

Section: Pathogenetic Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…93 NAFLD is strongly associated with insulin resistance and all the components of the metabolic syndrome. [93][94][95] In a study of adolescents with biopsy-proven NAFLD, 80% had biochemical evidence of insulin resistance. 94 Fat accumulation in the liver is a significant, obesity-independent predictor of type II diabetes mellitus in multiple prospective studies.…”

Section: Pathogenetic Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Combined dyslipidemia in childhood

Kavey

2015

Journal of Clinical Lipidology

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Section: Pathogenetic Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pathogenetic Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined dyslipidemia in childhood

Kavey

2015

Journal of Clinical Lipidology

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“…More recently, the association between NAFLD and cardiovascular disease among children has increasingly been recognized . This association was initially explained by the coexistence of other comorbidities known to be highly atherosclerotic in nature, including obesity, increased waist size, hypertension, IR and dyslipidaemia .…”

Section: Pathogenesis and Disease Outcomementioning

confidence: 99%

Paediatric non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: an overview

AlKhater

2015

Obesity Reviews

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a progressive disease that encompasses a spectrum of liver diseases, ranging from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Data related to survival in children are scarce, but these data firmly associate NAFLD with higher risks of hepatic and non-hepatic morbidities and mortalities compared with the general population. More recently, the association between NAFLD and cardiovascular disease among children has increasingly been recognized. Given that obesity is a major risk factor for the disease, paediatric NAFLD is becoming a global issue, paralleling the dramatic rise in obesity worldwide. NASH, which is more common in obese children, has the potential to advance to liver fibrosis and failure. It is unclear why certain patients undergo such transformation but this susceptibility is likely related to an interaction between a genetically susceptible host and the surrounding environment. Currently, treatment is largely conservative and includes lifestyle modification, attainable through healthy weight reduction via diet and exercise. In this review, current knowledge about NAFLD in children is summarized. This review aims to increase the awareness of the medical community about a hidden public health issue and to identify current gaps in the literature while providing directions for future research.

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“…Results from many studies have confirmed that both metabolic syndrome and NAFLD contribute to an acceleration of atherosclerosis development. Moreover, individuals with NAFLD are at much higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to individuals in the general population [ 3 , 4 ]. Additionally, fat distribution seems to be a better predictor of (CVD) compared to obesity alone [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemerin as a novel non-invasive serum marker of intrahepatic lipid content in obese children

et al. 2014

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BackgroundEctopic hepatic lipid accumulation is closely related to the development of insulin resistance, which is regarded as one of the most significant risk factors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The current study has shown that fat tissue constitutes an important endocrine organ with its own production and metabolism of many biologically active substances, among which adipokines play an important role. Classic adipokines (e.g. leptin, adiponectin, resistin) are fat-derived hormones which serum level is altered in patients with NAFLD. The role of novel adipokines in the pathomechanism of this disease is not clear. Therefore, the aim of our study was to evaluate the serum concentrations of chemerin, omentin and vaspin in obese children with NAFLD.MethodsForty-five obese children, aged 7–17 years old, were admitted to our Department with suspected liver disease (hepatomegaly, and/or ultrasonographic liver brightness, and/or increased ALT activity). Viral hepatitides, as well as autoimmune and metabolic liver diseases were excluded. Fasting serum levels of chemerin, omentin and vaspin were determined. The grade of liver steatosis in ultrasound was graded according to Saverymuttu. 1HMR spectroscopy was performed with a 1.5 T scanner and with PRESS sequencing.ResultsFatty liver was confirmed in 39 children by ultrasound and in 33 patients by 1HMRS (19 of them also had increased ALT activity /NAFLD/). Chemerin and vaspin levels were significantly higher in children with NAFLD compared to the control group (n = 30). The concentration of chemerin was significantly higher in children with advanced liver steatosis compared to non-hepatopathic patients (p = 0,02). Significant positive correlations were found between the total liver lipids in 1HMRS and chemerin (r = 0,33; p = 0,02) and vaspin (r = 0,4; p = 0,006). The ability of serum chemerin (cut-off = 190 ng/ml, Se = 75%, Sp = 58%) to differentiate children with fatty liver in 1HMRS from those without steatosis was significant (AUC = 0,7, p = 0,04). Omentin and vaspin did not allow a useful prediction to be made.ConclusionChemerin seems to be the most suitable non-invasive biomarker in predicting both intrahepatic lipid content in obese children and advanced liver steatosis in children with NAFLD.

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Atherogenic dyslipidemia and cardiovascular risk in children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Cited by 31 publications

References 104 publications

Combined dyslipidemia in childhood

Combined dyslipidemia in childhood

Paediatric non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: an overview

Chemerin as a novel non-invasive serum marker of intrahepatic lipid content in obese children

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