Atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype. A proposed genetic marker for coronary heart disease risk.

Abstract

In a community-based study of 301 subjects from 61 nuclear families, two

Lipoprotein subclasses in genetic studies: The Berkeley data set

“…This relationship was recently confirmed in a study of subjects with coronary disease documented by angiography [Campos et al, 1992). This relation of the pattern B lipoprotein profile to CHD risk has led to its designation as the atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype [Austin et al, 1990b).…”

“…The LDL-peak diameter refers to the size of the predominant LDL-peak ( Figure 2) . These variables have been used to study the relationships to other lipoproteins [Austin et al, 1990a, 1990b), acute and long-term effects of exercise [Lamon-Fava et al 1989a, 1989b, diet-induced and exercise-induced weight loss [Wood et al, 1976), menopause in women [Campos et al, 1988), and estrogen therapy in postmenopausal women [Campos et al, 1990). A high concentration of small LDL particles and a gradient gel electrophoretic LDL profile with a major peak usually less than 25.5-nm characterizes LDL subclass pattern B, whereas a predominance of larger LDL particles and a major peak usually greater than 260 nm with skewing of the curve towards larger particle diameters characterizes pattern A ( Figure 2) [Austin et al, 1988b).…”

“…Approximately 25-30% of healthy subjects have patttern B, and an additional 15-20% have a pattern with multiple or symmetrical peaks with diameters in an intermediate size range. The prevalence of pattern B is associated with age and gender, and is relatively low in males under age 20 and in premenopausal women [Austin et al, 1988b[Austin et al, , 1990b. In comparison with pattern A, 3 pattern B is associated with relatively higher plasma levels of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and apoB, and lower levels of HDL-cholesterol and apoA-I [Austin et al, 1990b).…”

“…The prevalence of pattern B is associated with age and gender, and is relatively low in males under age 20 and in premenopausal women [Austin et al, 1988b[Austin et al, , 1990b. In comparison with pattern A, 3 pattern B is associated with relatively higher plasma levels of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and apoB, and lower levels of HDL-cholesterol and apoA-I [Austin et al, 1990b). Men with LDL subclass pattern B have significantly higher levels of HDL 3 b and significantly lower HDL2b and HDL2a than men with pattern A.…”

The effect of moxonidine on plasma lipid profile and on LDL subclass distribution

“…In subjects who display any lipid abnormalities, thiazide diuretics and beta-blockers may not be an appropriate first-step treatment, since they appear to alter the lipid profile unfavourably, at least in short-term studies. [1][2][3][4] Additionally, beta-blocker use is associated with a predominance of smaller, denser LDL particles and less HDL mass, 5,6,18 lipoprotein changes that might be expected to increase coronary artery disease risk 19 and offset the beneficial effects of antihypertensive therapy on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. 7,8 It has recently been suggested that moxonidine seems to be a logical choice for hypertensive patients with coexistent glucose intolerance or dyslipidaemia, 20 as in clinical studies moxonidine has been proved to have neutral or even beneficial effects on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.…”