Atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype and LDL size and subclasses in patients with peripheral arterial disease

Rizzo, Manfredi; Pernice, Vincenzo; Frasheri, Arian; Berneis, Kaspar

doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.03.034

Cited by 73 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The most common feature of PAD is raised levels of triglycerides and lower levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol as compared with age-and sexmatched controls without vascular disease, with similar levels of cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol [43][44][45][46][47] . The frequency of a cluster of lipid abnormalities of the type of raised triglycerides and small and dense LDL and reduced HDL was 20% in persons with PAD vs 0% in the control group [48] . Several studies have also shown that triglyceride levels are a predictive factor for PAD [49][50][51] , though not all [52] .…”

Section: Fasting Lipids In Padmentioning

confidence: 85%

Peripheral arterial disease, type 2 diabetes and postprandial lipidaemia: Is there a link?

Valdivielso

Ramírez-Bollero

Pérez-López

2014

WJD

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Section: Fasting Lipids In Padmentioning

confidence: 85%

Peripheral arterial disease, type 2 diabetes and postprandial lipidaemia: Is there a link?

Valdivielso

Ramírez-Bollero

Pérez-López

2014

WJD

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“…LDL subclass distribution (LDL I, IIA, IIB, IIIA, IIIB, IVA and IVB) as percentage of total LDL was calculated as previously described [24]. Levels of small, dense LDL were considered to be increased in those patients with values greater than mean +2 SD of the values of controls (e.g., subjects without the metabolic syndrome), as already described [23].…”

Section: Nondenaturing Polyacrylamide Gradient Gel Electrophoresismentioning

confidence: 99%

Small, dense low‐density lipoproteins (LDL) are predictors of cardio‐ and cerebro‐vascular events in subjects with the metabolic syndrome

Rizzo

Pernice

Frasheri

et al. 2009

Clinical Endocrinology

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Summary Objective Small, dense low‐density lipoproteins (LDL) are a feature of the metabolic syndrome (MS) but their predictive role still remains to be established. We performed a 2‐year follow‐up study in 124 subjects with MS (63 ± 6 years), as defined by the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute guidelines, to assess clinical and biochemical predictors of cerebro‐ and cardio‐vascular events. Methods and results Beyond traditional cardiovascular risk factors, we measured LDL size and subclasses by gradient gel electrophoresis. Clinical events were registered in the 25% of subjects. At univariate analysis subjects with events had increased prevalence of elevated fasting glucose (P = 0·0117), smoking (P = 0·0015), family history of coronary artery disease (P = 0·0033) and higher levels of total‐ and LDL‐cholesterol (P = 0·0027 and P = 0·0023, respectively); LDL size was lower (P < 0·0001), due to reduced larger subclasses and increased small, dense LDL (all P < 0·0001). At multivariate analysis the following were independent predictors of events (univariate odd ratios were calculated): low HDL‐cholesterol (OR 15·4, P = 0·0238), elevated fasting glucose (OR 12·1, P = 0·0102), elevated small, dense LDL (OR 11·7, P = 0·0004), elevated blood pressure (OR 9·2, P = 0·0392), smoking (OR 4·8, P = 0·0054). Conclusions This is the first study that assessed the predictive role of small, dense LDL beyond traditional cardiovascular risk factors in subjects with MS.

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“…A lifestyle characterized by a lack of physical activity and TG and HDL cholesterol or its ratio, an independent predictor of subsequent CVD 12) . As for LDL particle size, previous studies have focused on significant differences in LDL particle size according to the presence of vascular diseases [7][8][9]13) ; however, nutritional parameters such as B-vitamins, have not been studied for an association with LDL particle size, although LDL particle size is known to be influenced by many factors, from genetics to environmental interaction 14) . In the present study, levels of B-vitamins, including serum folate and vitamin B-12, were measured and studied for an association with LDL particle size using a cohort sample of randomly selected hospital workers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A sedentary lifestyle causes dyslipidemia; atherogenic dyslipidemia consists of high triglyceride (TG), low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and smaller low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size 5) . Small, dense LDL has been reported to be associated with hepatic steatosis 6) , metabolic syndrome 7) , PAD 8) , and CVD 9) . LDL particle size was reported to be influenced by lipid-lowering agents…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Folate and Low-Density Lipoprotein Particle Size

Kim

Park

et al. 2010

JAT

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Aim:Nutritional parameters, such as B-vitamins, have not been studied for an association with lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL) particle size. The present study explored whether serum vitamin levels, including folate and vitamin B-12, could be associated with LDL particle size. Methods: Using a randomly selected population of 255 hospital workers, we collected detailed lipid profiles, including triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and LDL particle sizes. The peak particle size of LDL was measured by density gradient ultracentrifugation and a pore gradient lipoprotein system. Serum folate and vitamin B-12 levels were measured about 1 year later and analyzed. Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and hepatic steatosis were diagnosed ultrasonographically, and metabolic syndrome was diagnosed using ATP criteria. Results: LDL peak particle size was significantly correlated with carotid mean IMT (r 0.16, p 0.010). Serum folate levels were significantly and positively correlated with HDL cholesterol and negatively with TG, although the latter showed borderline significance. With increasing serum folate levels, the LDL peak particle size showed a gradual independent increase, even when adjusted for age, sex, hepatic steatosis, metabolic syndrome, and the TG/HDL cholesterol ratio. Conclusion: Folate may act to enhance LDL particle size. Future clinical and research work should include a study of the safe application and manipulation of folate levels in order to control LDL particle size.

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Atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype and LDL size and subclasses in patients with peripheral arterial disease

Cited by 73 publications

References 21 publications

Peripheral arterial disease, type 2 diabetes and postprandial lipidaemia: Is there a link?

Peripheral arterial disease, type 2 diabetes and postprandial lipidaemia: Is there a link?

Small, dense low‐density lipoproteins (LDL) are predictors of cardio‐ and cerebro‐vascular events in subjects with the metabolic syndrome

Serum Folate and Low-Density Lipoprotein Particle Size

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