Atherosclerosis: Recent developments

Björkegren, Johan; Lusis, Aldons J.

doi:10.1016/j.cell.2022.04.004

Cited by 543 publications

(357 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…An additional key feature of early atherosclerosis is the activation of the endothelium and, subsequently, the adhesion and recruitment of immune cells to the vasculature [ 84 ]. Importantly, EVs contribute in a multifaceted fashion to instigate vascular inflammation by increasing levels of adhesion molecules, ROS, and proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., interleukin (IL)-6 and -8) [ 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 ].…”

Section: Evs As Pathophysiological Drivers Of Atherothrombosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Vesicles as Drivers of Immunoinflammation in Atherothrombosis

Suades

Greco

Padró

et al. 2022

Cells

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Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality all over the world. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), small lipid-bilayer membrane vesicles released by most cellular types, exert pivotal and multifaceted roles in physiology and disease. Emerging evidence emphasizes the importance of EVs in intercellular communication processes with key effects on cell survival, endothelial homeostasis, inflammation, neoangiogenesis, and thrombosis. This review focuses on EVs as effective signaling molecules able to both derail vascular homeostasis and induce vascular dysfunction, inflammation, plaque progression, and thrombus formation as well as drive anti-inflammation, vascular repair, and atheroprotection. We provide a comprehensive and updated summary of the role of EVs in the development or regression of atherosclerotic lesions, highlighting the link between thrombosis and inflammation. Importantly, we also critically describe their potential clinical use as disease biomarkers or therapeutic agents in atherothrombosis.

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Section: Evs As Pathophysiological Drivers Of Atherothrombosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Vesicles as Drivers of Immunoinflammation in Atherothrombosis

Suades

Greco

Padró

et al. 2022

Cells

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“…The current model phenocopies effects of chronic systemic treatment with Ang II on endothelial function (Johnson et al, 2013 ; Li et al, 2016 ; Schrader et al, 2007 ). The focus on endothelial cells is appropriate as endothelial health is a determinant of vascular disease and overall longevity (Bjorkegren & Lusis, 2022 ; De Silva & Faraci, 2020 ; Sun et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Genetic variation, or differences in genetic background, can have a major influence on vascular biology (Bjorkegren & Lusis, 2022 ; De Silva, Modrick, et al, 2018 ; von Scheidt et al, 2017 ; Yang et al, 2021 ). Rather than basing all conclusions on a single genetic strain, we used mice on two very different genetic backgrounds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a primary effector within the RAS, angiotensin II (Ang II) exhibits pleiotropic effects including vasoconstriction and activation of pro‐oxidant and pro‐inflammatory signaling pathways that affect the function of endothelial cells and other aspects of vascular biology (Daugherty et al, 2004 ; Didion et al, 2005 ; Girouard et al, 2007 ; Johnson et al, 2013 ; Karnik et al, 2015 ). Defects in nitric oxide (NO) signaling are one of several causes of endothelial dysfunction involved in initiating the onset and progression of atherosclerosis (Bjorkegren & Lusis, 2022 ). Despite an array of changes that occur during pathophysiology, our understanding of the effects of Ang II on the vasculature and endothelial cells at the mechanistic level is still incomplete.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Genetics and genetic background are determinants of endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis (Bjorkegren & Lusis, 2022 ; Daugherty et al, 2004 ; De Silva, Modrick, et al, 2018 ; von Scheidt et al, 2017 ; Sontag et al, 2014 ). However, relatively little is known regarding the impact of genetic background in relation to endothelial dysfunction or mechanisms involved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Angiotensin II‐induced endothelial dysfunction: Impact of sex, genetic background, and rho kinase

Kinzenbaw

Langmack

Faraci

2022

Physiological Reports

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The renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) contributes to vascular disease with multiple cardiovascular risk factors including hypertension. As a major effector within the RAS, angiotensin II (Ang II) activates diverse signaling mechanisms that affect vascular biology. Despite the impact of such vascular pathophysiology, our understanding of the effects of Ang II in relation to the function of endothelial cells is incomplete. Because genetic background and biological sex can be determinants of vascular disease, we performed studies examining the direct effects of Ang II using carotid arteries from male and female mice on two genetic backgrounds, C57BL/6J and FVB/NJ. Although FVB/NJ mice are much less susceptible to atherosclerosis than C57BL/6J, the effects of Ang II on endothelial cells in FVB/NJ are poorly defined. Overnight incubation of isolated arteries with Ang II (10 nmol/L), impaired endothelial function in both strains and sexes by approximately one‐half ( p < 0.05). To examine the potential mechanistic contribution of Rho kinase (ROCK), we treated arteries with SLX‐2119, an inhibitor with high selectivity for ROCK2. In both male and female mice of both strains, SLX‐2119 largely restored endothelial function to normal, compared to vessels treated with vehicle. Thus, Ang II‐induced endothelial dysfunction was observed in both FVB/NJ and C57BL/6J mice. This effect was sex‐independent. In all groups, effects of Ang II were reversed by inhibition of ROCK2 with SLX‐2119. These studies provide the first evidence that ROCK2 may be a key contributor to Ang II‐induced endothelial dysfunction in both sexes and in mouse strains that differ in relation to other major aspects of vascular disease.

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Oral‐systemic Link and Its Impact on General and Oral Health

Shanahan,

George

2024

Pathological Basis of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases

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Atherosclerosis: Recent developments

Cited by 543 publications

References 103 publications

Extracellular Vesicles as Drivers of Immunoinflammation in Atherothrombosis

Extracellular Vesicles as Drivers of Immunoinflammation in Atherothrombosis

Angiotensin II‐induced endothelial dysfunction: Impact of sex, genetic background, and rho kinase

Oral‐systemic Link and Its Impact on General and Oral Health

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