Computers in Biology and Medicine

2014

DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2014.03.006

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Atherosclerotic indicators for blood-like fluids in 90-degree arterial-like bifurcations

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Lisa Prahl Wittberg

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Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…S1, which highlighted the importance of OSI as potential markers indicating serious vascular remodelling independent of low TAWSS levels 25 . Because the regions of arterial wall remodelling is identifiable via RRT sensitively coincided with the OSI in ours and previous study, elevated RRT also may be a useful metric for identifying vascular remodelling 27 . Thus, OSI and RRT are relatively sensitive haemodynamic indicators of regional vascular remodelling than TAWSS in our study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Vascular Remodelling Relates to an Elevated Oscillatory Shear Index and Relative Residence Time in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

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et al. 2017

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Haemodynamic disorders are common clinical findings in hypertension and lead to adverse cardiovascular events. However, the haemodynamic conditions in hypertension models are poorly understood. This study aimed to observe the characteristics of haemodynamics in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and antihypertensive-treated SHRs. Twenty-four adult male SHRs and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKYs) were randomly divided into four groups and treated for 7 days as follows: WKY-CON (WKYs + saline), WKY-NIF (WKYs + nifedipine, 50 mg/kg/day), SHR-CON (SHRs + saline), and SHR-NIF (SHRs + nifedipine). Aortic computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models were simulated to obtain the haemodynamic parameters. We found that in the hypertensive (SHR-CON) and blood pressure-controlled (SHR-NIF) groups, the oscillatory shear index (OSI) and relative residence time (RRT), which are key haemodynamics indices, were markedly elevated. Furthermore, there was a correlation between both the elevated OSI and RRT with the vascular wall thickening in regions near the inner wall of the aortic arch. Our research demonstrates that haemodynamics remains disturbed even if the blood pressure is normalized. In addition, vascular remodelling may play an important role in maintaining elevated OSI and RRT values.

“…S1, which highlighted the importance of OSI as potential markers indicating serious vascular remodelling independent of low TAWSS levels 25 . Because the regions of arterial wall remodelling is identifiable via RRT sensitively coincided with the OSI in ours and previous study, elevated RRT also may be a useful metric for identifying vascular remodelling 27 . Thus, OSI and RRT are relatively sensitive haemodynamic indicators of regional vascular remodelling than TAWSS in our study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Vascular Remodelling Relates to an Elevated Oscillatory Shear Index and Relative Residence Time in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

¹

,

²

,

³

et al. 2017

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Haemodynamic disorders are common clinical findings in hypertension and lead to adverse cardiovascular events. However, the haemodynamic conditions in hypertension models are poorly understood. This study aimed to observe the characteristics of haemodynamics in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and antihypertensive-treated SHRs. Twenty-four adult male SHRs and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKYs) were randomly divided into four groups and treated for 7 days as follows: WKY-CON (WKYs + saline), WKY-NIF (WKYs + nifedipine, 50 mg/kg/day), SHR-CON (SHRs + saline), and SHR-NIF (SHRs + nifedipine). Aortic computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models were simulated to obtain the haemodynamic parameters. We found that in the hypertensive (SHR-CON) and blood pressure-controlled (SHR-NIF) groups, the oscillatory shear index (OSI) and relative residence time (RRT), which are key haemodynamics indices, were markedly elevated. Furthermore, there was a correlation between both the elevated OSI and RRT with the vascular wall thickening in regions near the inner wall of the aortic arch. Our research demonstrates that haemodynamics remains disturbed even if the blood pressure is normalized. In addition, vascular remodelling may play an important role in maintaining elevated OSI and RRT values.

“…In a previous study, we demonstrate the importance of the non-Newtonian aspects. 20,46 Thus, a non-Newtonian viscosity model is implemented to account for the local variation in shear rate (γ), i.e., accounting for the shear-thinning behavior.…”

Section: A Fluid Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Newtonian perspectives on pulsatile blood-analog flows in a 180° curved artery model

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et al. 2015

Physics of Fluids

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Complex, unsteady fluid flow phenomena in the arteries arise due to the pulsations of the heart that intermittently pumps the blood to the extremities of the body. The many different flow waveform variations observed throughout the arterial network are a result of this process and a function of the vessel properties. Large scale secondary flow structures are generated throughout the aortic arch and larger branches of the arteries. An experimental 180° curved artery test section with physiological inflow conditions was used to validate the computational methods implemented in this study. Good agreement of the secondary flow structures is obtained between experimental and numerical studies of a Newtonian blood-analog fluid under steady-state and pulsatile, carotid artery flow rate waveforms. Multiple vortical structures, some of opposite rotational sense to Dean vortices, similar to Lyne-type vortices, were observed to form during the systolic portion of the pulse. Computational tools were used to assess the effect of blood-analog fluid rheology (i.e., Newtonian versus non-Newtonian). It is demonstrated that non-Newtonian, blood-analog fluid rheology results in shear layer instabilities that alter the formation of vortical structures during the systolic deceleration and onwards during diastole. Additional vortices not observed in the Newtonian cases appear at the inside and outside of the bend at various times during the pulsation. The influence of blood-analog shear-thinning viscosity decreases mean pressure losses in contrast to the Newtonian blood analog fluid.

“…Based on our previous work (Wyk et al. ( 2013 , 2014 ), the Quemada viscosity model (Quemada 1977 , 1978 ) is used to account for the non-Newtonian viscosity behavior. The Quemada model is solely dependent on the local shear rate and RBC concentration as compared to other non-Newtonian models available in the literature.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the oscillatory shear index and relative residence time may also appear at locations that are at low risk of developing atherosclerosis (Wyk et al. 2014 ). All these studies consider blood as a continuum where the bulk properties of the fluid have been set by either assuming a Newtonian fluid or applying a non-Newtonian viscosity model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of aortic irregularities on blood flow

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et al. 2015

Biomech Model Mechanobiol

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Anatomic aortic anomalies are seen in many medical conditions and are known to cause disturbances in blood flow. Turner syndrome (TS) is a genetic disorder occurring only in females where cardiovascular anomalies, particularly of the aorta, are frequently encountered. In this study, numerical simulations are applied to investigate the flow characteristics in four TS patient- related aortic arches (a normal geometry, dilatation, coarctation and elongation of the transverse aorta). The Quemada viscosity model was applied to account for the non-Newtonian behavior of blood. The blood is treated as a mixture consisting of water and red blood cells (RBC) where the RBCs are modeled as a convected scalar. The results show clear geometry effects where the flow structures and RBC distribution are significantly different between the aortas. Transitional flow is observed as a jet is formed due to a constriction in the descending aorta for the coarctation case. RBC dilution is found to vary between the aortas, influencing the WSS. Moreover, the local variations in RBC volume fraction may induce large viscosity variations, stressing the importance of accounting for the non-Newtonian effects.

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