Athletes with different habitual fluid intakes differ in hydration status but not in body water compartments

Francisco, Rúben; Jesus, Filipe; Nunes, Catarina L; Cioffi, Iolanda; Alvim, Marta; Mendonça, Gonçalo V.; Lukaski, Henry C.; Sardinha, Luís B.; Silva, Analiza M.

doi:10.1111/sms.14355

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…< 35 ml/kg/d). Also, based on previous studies, (12,13,31,32) we expect some physiological differences between LOW and HIGH conditions. For example, it has been reported that LOW has a lower daily water intake (identified by food records), higher AVP, higher urine osmolality and urine specific gravity.…”

Section: Screening Processmentioning

confidence: 69%

H2OAthletes study protocol: effects of hydration changes on neuromuscular function in athletes

Francisco,

Jesus,

Nunes

et al. 2024

Br J Nutr

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We aim to understand the effects of hydration changes on athletes' neuromuscular performance, on body water compartments, fat-free mass hydration, and hydration biomarkers; and to test the effects of the intervention on the response of acute dehydration in the hydration indexes. The H2OAthletes study (clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT05380089) is a randomized controlled trial in 38 national/international athletes of both sexes with low total water intake (WI) (i.e., <35.0mL/kg/day). In the intervention participants will be randomly assigned to the control (CG, N=19) or experimental group (EG, N=19). During the 4-day intervention, WI will be maintained in the CG and increased in the EG (i.e., >45.0mL/kg/day). Exercise-induced dehydration protocols with thermal stress will be performed before and after the intervention. Neuromuscular performance (knee extension/flexion with electromyography and handgrip), hydration indexes (serum, urine, and saliva osmolality), body water compartments and water flux (dilution techniques, body composition (4-compartment model), and biochemical parameters (vasopressin and sodium) will be evaluated. This trial will provide novel evidence about the effects of hydration changes on neuromuscular function and hydration status in athletes with low WI, providing useful information for athletes and sports-related professionals aiming to improve athletic performance.

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Section: Screening Processmentioning

confidence: 69%

H2OAthletes study protocol: effects of hydration changes on neuromuscular function in athletes

Francisco,

Jesus,

Nunes

et al. 2024

Br J Nutr

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“…Hydration status was not determined, for instance, by using urine-specific gravity, which means that it was not possible to ensure whether athletes were considered euhydrated. Nonetheless, a recent study aimed at comparing body water compartments and hydration status of athletes with different regular amounts of water intake (low vs. high water drinkers with higher and lower urine specific gravity values) found no differences in TBW and FFM hydration between groups for both sexes ( 37 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The usefulness of total body protein mass models for adolescent athletes

Silva,

Campa,

Sardinha

2024

Front. Nutr.

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The present study aimed to assess the utility of a less laborious technique for estimating total body protein (TBPro) in young athletes, using a multicomponent model as the criterion method. A total of 88 (49 boys and 39 girls) adolescent athletes (age: 15.2 ± 1.5 years; body mass index: 21.2 ± 2.7 kg/m2) participated. A 6-compartment model was used as the reference method (TBProReference) involving air displacement plethysmography for body volume, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for bone mineral content, and deuterium dilution for total body water (TBW). Alternatively, DXA TBPro models were used as TBPro = lean-soft mass (LSM) − HFFFM × fat-free mass (FFM) − Ms. − G, where LSM and FFM were assessed using DXA, HFFFM is the hydration fraction of the FFM using measured TBW or assumed TBW (adult fraction of 0.732; Lohman’s constants or mean observed HFFFM), Ms. is soft tissue minerals (Ms = 0.0129 × HFFFM × FFM), and G is glycogen calculated as 0.044 × (LSM − HFFFM × FFM − Ms). The maturation level was determined by self-assessment. TBPro obtained from DXA using the assumed HFFFM explained 73% to 77% of the variance compared to TBProReference. Meanwhile, using the mean values of measured HFFFM, the DXA model explained 53 and 36% for boys and girls, respectively. Larger bias (8.6% for boys and 25.8% for girls) and limits of agreement were found for the DXA model using measured HFFFM (boys for 66.9% and girls for 70%) compared to an assumed HFFFM (bias ranged from 1.5% to 22.5% and limits of agreement ranged from 31.3% to 35.3%). Less complex and demanding TBPro DXA models with the assumed HFFFM are valid alternatives for assessing this relevant FFM component in groups of adolescent athletes but are less accurate for individual results. Though future studies should be conducted to test the usefulness of these models in longitudinal and experimental designs, their potential to provide an estimation of protein mass after exercise and diet interventions in young athletes is anticipated.

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“…In contrast, a weakly negative correlation between BIVA and USG has been found in divers, which is the opposite of what the authors expected, since such results indicated that the higher the amount of water, the higher the urine density [ 38 ]. In a recent study, Francisco et al [ 39 ] showed that athletes with a low water intake reported higher USG values. However, low and high water intake differences were found in no TBW, ICW, ECW and ECW/ICW ratio (all these parameters were determined using dilution techniques).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-Season Longitudinal Hydration/Body Cell Mass Ratio Changes in Elite Rugby Players

Cebrián-Ponce,

Petri,

Izzicupo

et al. 2023

Sports

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Background: Hydration status has a direct role in sports performance. Bioelectrical Impedance Vector Analysis (BIVA) and Urine Specific Gravity (USG) are commonly used to assess hydration. The study aims to identify the sensitivity and relationship between BIVA and USG in a field sports setting. Methods: BIVA and USG measurements were conducted five times throughout one rugby season. 34 elite male rugby players (25.1 ± 4.4 years; 184.0 ± 7.8 cm; 99.9 ± 13.4 kg) were enrolled. Differences over time were tested using one-way repeated measures ANOVA, and Bonferroni’s post-hoc test was applied in pairwise comparisons. Resistance-reactance graphs and Hotelling’s T2 test were used to characterize the sample and to identify bioelectrical changes. A repeated measures correlation test was conducted for BIVA-USG associations. Results: Two clear trends were seen: (1) from July to September, there was a vector shortening and an increase of the phase angle (p < 0.001); and (2) from December to April, there was a vector lengthening and a decrease of the phase angle (p < 0.001). USG reported neither changes nor correlation with BIVA longitudinally (p > 0.05). Vector variations indicated a body fluid gain (especially in the intracellular compartment) and a body cell mass increase during the preseason, suggesting a physical condition and performance improvement. During the last months of the season, the kinetic was the opposite (fluid loss and decreased body cell mass). Conclusions: Results suggested that BIVA is sensitive to physiological changes and a better option than USG for assessing hydration changes during a rugby sports season.

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Athletes with different habitual fluid intakes differ in hydration status but not in body water compartments

Cited by 7 publications

References 36 publications

H2OAthletes study protocol: effects of hydration changes on neuromuscular function in athletes

H2OAthletes study protocol: effects of hydration changes on neuromuscular function in athletes

The usefulness of total body protein mass models for adolescent athletes

In-Season Longitudinal Hydration/Body Cell Mass Ratio Changes in Elite Rugby Players

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