Athletes with higher VO₂max present reduced oxLDL after a marathon race

Abstract

BackgroundDuring a session of prolonged and exhaustive exercise, such as a marathon race, large quantities of free radicals are produced and can oxidise (ox) several molecules, such as low-density lipoprotein (LDL). To prevent oxidative damage, athletes present higher antioxidant levels. However, the effect of marathon running on the natural IgM or IgG anti-oxLDL autoantibodies is not understood. Thus, we investigated the effect of a marathon race on oxidative stress and the mechanisms of control of this stress.MethodsBlood samples of 20 marathon runners were collected 24 hours before, immediately and 72 hours after a marathon race to evaluate: plasma lipid profile; serum levels of oxLDL and anti-oxLDL autoantibodies (IgM and IgG isotype) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) was also determined.ResultsImmediately after the race, oxLDL and TAC levels decreased in comparison to the basal levels; however, the IgM or IgG anti-oxLDL levels remain unchanged. Whereas no differences were observed in the IgM or IgG anti-oxLDL levels 72h after the marathon, the oxLDL and TAC levels returned to the basal values. Significant positive correlations were observed between oxLDL and LDL-cholesterol before, and 72h after the marathon. Significant negative correlations were observed between oxLDL and VO2max immediately after the marathon and 72 h later, as well as between oxLDL and TAC 72 h after the race.ConclusionsAthletes with a higher VO2max and total antioxidant activity presented reduced LDL oxidation. The levels of IgM or IgG anti-oxLDL autoantibodies were not affected by running the marathon.

Combined Exercise Training Performed by Elderly Women Reduces Redox Indexes and Proinflammatory Cytokines Related to Atherogenesis

“…So, the BMI values found in the TRAINED group and also the negative correlation found in our study between LOOH and the oxLDL levels reinforce the consistence of the favorable effects of the combined aerobic-resistance exercise training on the redox indexes. Moreover, we also found that in the TRAINED group, TAC levels were higher than in the SED group, which could buffer oxidative stress, thereby preventing the LDL oxidation [32]. Previous studies have also shown beneficial actions of exercise training protocols, including combined aerobic-resistance exercise training on the antioxidant defenses [33–35].…”

Effects of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Inflammation, Oxidative/Antioxidant Balance, and Muscle Damage after Acute Exercise in Normobaric, Normoxic and Hypobaric, Hypoxic Environments: A Pilot Study

“…Additionally, the VO 2 max level of the participants in this study was 48.20 ± 2.19 mL/kg/min which is above the 60th percentile for adult men in their 20s [ 33 ]. Bachi et al [ 34 ] suggested that the level of OS after exercise could be lower in people with higher VO 2 max and total antioxidant activity. However, considering that high-intensity acute exercise can be one of the main causes of increased OS in the body, it seems necessary to verify this in additional studies by analyzing serum ROS levels and/or antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase, not only d-ROMs and BAP levels.…”

The Placebo-Controlled Effect of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention on Exercise Induced Changes in Anti-Malondialdehyde-LDL Antibody Levels in Stable Coronary Artery Disease: A Substudy of the ORBITA Trial

“…If samples were tested at multiple earlier timepoints after frequent exercise we may expect to see a rebound rise in anti-oxLDL antibodies, as has been reported in the literature ( 41 , 42 ). However, in a recent study by Bachi and colleagues, trained athletes after running a marathon exhibited no change in IgM or IgG anti-MDA-LDL antibodies immediately or 72-h after the race, despite increases in plasma oxLDL ( 27 ). Again, perhaps the timepoints tested missed any small dynamic changes with the utilised assay, or the elite fitness of the participants means that their baseline anti-oxLDL antibody levels are already fully induced.…”

“…Another possible explanation is that the highly optimised medical therapy renders the patients relatively non-ischaemic, and as such the biomarkers behave as though they were not sampled from patients with severe CAD. Indeed, there is no consensus in the literature on exercise-induced oxLDL changes in healthy participants (22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27), and in some circumstances no changes in oxLDL levels, even following very high intensity exercise, have been found (28).…”