Athletic Scholarships as Contracts of Employment: the Rensing Decisions and the Future of College Sports

Porto, Brian L.

doi:10.1177/019372358500900103

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Porto addresses these decisions and their limitations by discussing the judicial involvement as well as the employment-like conditions under which the scholarship athlete lives (Porto, 1985).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Dynamic, Scalable Algorithm to Optimize the Allocation of Athletics Scholarships

Zaarour

Bargal²

2022

JETS

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When a high school student athlete makes the decision to swim collegiately, one of the leading factors in choosing a university is the amount of the scholarship award. These awards are determined by the equivalency category in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Divisions I and II and the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA). Rules govern financial aid and the number of scholarships allowed by a member institution. The exact financial distribution among athletes, however, is mostly the coaches’ responsibility and there is scarcity in the literature on how these scholarships are distributed among athletes in a college/ university, which is why it’s important for Athletics Departments within these colleges and universities to have a model to help distribute the scholarship amounts in an optimal manner that promotes transparency and ethical leadership. This paper provides a model to aid coaches in the distribution of financial award/ scholarships in a women’s swimming in a major urban university; however, the model can be applied and adjusted for financial award distribution for any collegiate sport following any institute specific policies and preferences.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Dynamic, Scalable Algorithm to Optimize the Allocation of Athletics Scholarships

Zaarour

Bargal²

2022

JETS

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“…Landy and Farr (1983) indicated that an emphasis on results of behaviors exclusively is likely to lead to behaviors that are unethical and dysfunctional for the organization, as maximizing outcomes becomes the only organizational goal and leads to a cutthroat work environment. In the context of coaching, it has been suggested that the extreme emphasis on winning is the causal factor in many violations of recruiting and academic regulations and other abuses (e.g., Knight Foundation Report, 1993;Lapchick & Slaughter, 1989;Porto, 1985).…”

Section: Dimensions Of Coaching Per$ormancementioning

confidence: 99%

Dimensions of Coaching Performance: Development of a Scale

MacLean

Chelladurai

1995

Journal of Sport Management

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The purpose of this study was to define the dimensions of coaching performance for coaches and to develop a scale to measure those dimensions. The literature-based model used in this study espoused the use of three broad categories—behavioral product factors, behavioral process factors related to the task, and behavioral process factors related to maintenance of the organization. Each of these broad categories was further subdivided into two classes to yield a model of six dimensions of coaching performance. The dimensions explored were (a) team products, (b) personal products, (c) direct task behaviors, (d) indirect task behaviors, (e) administrative maintenance behaviors, and (f) public relations behaviors. Seventy-seven administrators and 363 coaches from Canadian Intercollegiate Athletic Union institutions responded to the coaching performance scale for the purposes of this study. Item-to-total correlations, confirmatory factor analysis, and internal consistency estimates supported the conceptual model and yielded a psychometrically sound Scale of Coaching Performance (SCP).

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“…Four examples forcefully make this point: (1) scholarship athletes make a four-year commitment to a school, yet the schools only make a commitment to the athletes on a year-to-year basis; (2) athletes must wait a year to play if they change schools even if the coach they signed to play for has left the institution; (3) athletes are paid only for room. board, tuition, and books yet they may be in a sport generating many millions of dollars to the school; and (4) by insisting that an athletic scholarship is not pay, the NCAA has helped keep injured athletes from receiving workers' compensation (Porto, 1985).…”

Section: The Structural Roots Of Deviance In Sportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conflict Theory and Deviance in Sport

Eitzen

1988

International Review for the Sociology of Sport

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The general principles common to conflict theory are: (1) the primary unit of analysis is social structure; (2) conflict is endemic in social organizations; (3) persons in similar social conditions will organize to promote their group interests; (4) the powerful use their power to keep themselves in power; (5) inequities in wealth, power, and prestige plus the exploitation by the powerful toward the powerless lead to conflicts between them; (6) the understanding of society requires the understanding of the political economy; (7) the conditions of social organization, domination, and exploitation have alienating, repressive, and frustrating effects on individuals; and (8) human beings are the architects of social organization. These principles of conflict theory are applied to deviance in sport. Specifically, this paper defines deviance from the conflict perspective by using objective criteria. Next the structural roots of deviance in sport are examined by focusing on the structural conditions of massification and commodification.The sociologist who gives scholarly attention to sport, as is the case with the investigation of all social phenomena, is guided by a theoretical perspective. The focus of attention, the questions asked, the relationships sought, the interpretations rendered, and the insights unraveled are rooted in a theoretical base. This is because &dquo;the way one approaches the study of sport ... will depend on the questions one is asking, and ultimately on one's assumptions about what it is possible to question&dquo; (Whitson, n.d.:42). And, of course, these assumptions are determined by where one stands in the theoretical firmament.The purpose of this essay is to elaborate the conflict paradigm with emphasis on its insights for understanding deviance in sport using the American case for illustrative purpose. To accomplish this the discussion is organized to: (1) enumerate the assumptions of the conflict perspective; (2) define deviance and establish its parameters as dictated by the conflict model; and (3) examine the structural roots of deviance in sport. * The Assumptions of Conflict TheoryThe conflict perspective has a long tradition in sociology with such early giants as Marx and Weber and later theorists such as Mills, Dahrendorf, Habermas, Collins, Chambliss, Domhoff, Zeitlin, and Useem. These theorists and others have provided a unique and important paradigm for understanding social structure, the social sources of social problems, and social change.

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Athletic Scholarships as Contracts of Employment: the Rensing Decisions and the Future of College Sports

Cited by 5 publications

References 3 publications

A Dynamic, Scalable Algorithm to Optimize the Allocation of Athletics Scholarships

A Dynamic, Scalable Algorithm to Optimize the Allocation of Athletics Scholarships

Dimensions of Coaching Performance: Development of a Scale

Conflict Theory and Deviance in Sport

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