Atlantic Forest spontaneous regeneration at landscape scale

Rezende, Camila Linhares; Uezu, Alexandre; Scarano, Fábio Rúbio; Araújo, Dorothy Sue Dunn de

doi:10.1007/s10531-015-0980-y

Cited by 133 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Slope, distance to watercourses and distance to forest remnants were decisive factors determining where forest regrowth occurred from 2000 to 2010, corroborating other studies in the Atlantic Forest region (de Rezende, Uezu, Scarano, & Araujo, 2015;Molin et al, 2017;Teixeira, Soares-Filho, Freitas, & Metzger, 2009). With the exception of the Forest landscape unit, where industrial crop production is found, natural regeneration was favoured in previous croplands when slopes were above 10%.…”

Section: Drivers Of Forest Regenerationsupporting

confidence: 87%

A landscape approach for cost‐effective large‐scale forest restoration

Molin

Chazdon

Ferraz

et al. 2018

Journal of Applied Ecology

107

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Achieving global targets for forest restoration will require cost‐effective strategies to return agricultural land to forest, while minimizing implementation costs and negative outcomes for agricultural production. We present a landscape approach for optimizing the cost‐effectiveness of large‐scale forest restoration. Across three different landscapes within Brazil's Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspot, we modelled landscape scenarios based on spatially explicit data on the probability of natural regeneration, restoration costs, land opportunity costs, and forest restoration outcomes for increasing carbon stocking and landscape connectivity. We compare benefits of our cost‐reduction approach to the legally mandated riparian restoration and randomly distributed approaches. Compared with riparian prioritization and considering both implementation and opportunity costs, our cost‐reduction scenario produced the greatest savings (20.9%) in mechanized agricultural landscapes. When only considering implementation costs, our cost‐reduction scenario led to the highest savings (38.4%) in the landscape with highest forest cover where natural regeneration potential is highest and enables cost‐effective carbon stocking and connectivity. Synthesis and applications. We present a guide for forest restoration planning that maximizes specific outcomes with minimal costs and reduction of agricultural production. Furthermore, we show how policies could encourage prioritization of low‐cost restoration via natural regeneration, increasing cost‐effectiveness. While our study focuses on Brazil's Atlantic Forest, the approach can be parameterized for other regions.

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Section: Drivers Of Forest Regenerationsupporting

confidence: 87%

A landscape approach for cost‐effective large‐scale forest restoration

Molin

Chazdon

Ferraz

et al. 2018

Journal of Applied Ecology

107

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“…Finally, it is important to note that 63% of the courses mention natural regeneration as an ecological restoration technique. Recently, several studies have shown the potential of natural regeneration for large-scale restoration (Rezende et al 2015;Chazdon & Uriarte 2016;Strassburg et al 2016). Therefore, multiple ecological restoration technique options must be considered for different local scenarios (ecological, social, and economic;Holl & Aide 2011;Brancalion et al 2016b).…”

Section: Monmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the teaching of ecological restoration in Brazil: an analysis of postgraduate courses

Sansevero

Alonso

Booth

et al. 2017

Restoration Ecology

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Several ambitious restoration targets have been set for recovering degraded ecosystems in Brazil (21 million hectares with a legal deficit of native vegetation). The development of scientific knowledge and skilled professionals is necessary to meet this demand and is fundamental for achieving success in medium‐ and long‐term restoration. In this study, we describe the availability and profile of postgraduate courses on ecological restoration in Brazil. We surveyed 272 postgraduate programs, comprising six specific areas of concentration (forestry, soil sciences, botany, environmental engineering, ecology, and environmental science). We analyzed all selected courses in terms of location, approach (economic, social, and legal), and restoration techniques. Only 27% of the postgraduate programs analyzed offer ecological restoration courses, and 49% of these are offered in the southeast region of the country. Regions covered by nonforest ecosystems, such as Pampas, Caatinga, and Pantanal, were poorly represented. Legal aspects were considered in 51% of the courses, whereas social and economic approaches were only considered in 2.7 and 11% of the courses, respectively. Seedling planting (85%) and nucleation (68%) were the most frequently cited techniques of active restoration, and passive restoration was mentioned in 63% of the courses. Our findings highlight the need for increasing postgraduate courses in areas with nonforest ecosystems, especially due to a lack of knowledge about restoration of these areas. The incorporation of economic and social approaches is highly recommended, considering the importance of these attributes in achieving success in large‐scale restoration initiatives.

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“…A orografia da região influencia também na variabilidade climática, com predomínio de clima subquente, com temperaturas médias que variam entre 13,8ºC e 24,3ºC (NIMER, 1989) e elevados índices pluviométricos, que atingem um total anual próximo a 2.500 mm nas áreas mais altas, diminuindo progressivamente para o norte até alcançar 1.300 mm (CANEDO; EHRLICH; LACERDA, 2011). Os terrenos íngremes, elevados e consequentemente pouco acessíveis facilitaram a manutenção da cobertura florestal em cerca de 60% do município (FRANCISCO; ALMEIDA, 2012), incluindo florestas secundárias em diferentes estágios de sucessão, sujeitas à exploração seletiva ou regeneradas após o abandono de áreas agrícolas e pastagens devido à baixa fertilidade dos solos, erosão, alta umidade, diminuição da população rural, mudanças na legislação e fiscalização ambiental, e à criação de unidades de conservação (CASTRO, 2015;REZENDE et al, 2015). A área pertence ao Bioma Mata Atlântica e tem como formação vegetal dominante a Floresta Ombrófila Densa Montana (VELOSO; RANGEL FILHO; LIMA, 1991), sendo considerada como de alta prioridade para a conservação de espécies vegetais e animais (GUEDES-BRUNI; LIMA, 1997;ROCHA et al, 2009).…”

Section: áRea De Estudounclassified

Deslizamentos E Fragmentação Florestal Na Região Serrana Do Estado Do Rio De Janeiro

2017

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RESUMOA fragmentação florestal é um processo em que áreas contínuas de vegetação natural são subdivididas em manchas de tamanhos diversos, originado por atividades antrópicas ou causas naturais associadas a mudanças ambientais e eventos de grande magnitude. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo caracterizar e analisar a dinâmica da fragmentação florestal e a vulnerabilidade das manchas de distúrbios resultantes de deslizamentos ocasionados por chuvas intensas na região serrana do estado do Rio de Janeiro em 2011. Para tanto foi realizada uma avaliação do padrão espacial das manchas antes e após os eventos por meio de índices métricos de paisagem, estimados a partir de mapas de cobertura da terra e das cicatrizes dos deslizamentos, produzidos através da análise de imagens orbitais. Houve uma redução de 6% da área de floresta e um acréscimo de 107% no número de fragmentos, principalmente de pequenos. Ocorreu uma perda de 17% da área nuclear, um acréscimo de 43% do número de núcleos e de 28% da densidade de borda. A distância média do fragmento mais próximo diminuiu 46%, em virtude da forma das cicatrizes, alongadas e estreitas. Os resultados mostram que os deslizamentos ocasionaram uma intensificação do processo histórico de fragmentação florestal, promovendo um aumento da vulnerabilidade e instabilidade ecológica dos remanescentes florestais, evidenciando como eventos naturais de grande magnitude podem alterar rapidamente a paisagem. Palavras-chave: dinâmica da paisagem florestal; eventos naturais extremos; índices métricos da paisagem. ABSTRACTForest fragmentation is a process in which continuous natural vegetation areas are divided into patches of different sizes, originated by human activities or natural causes associated with environmental changes and high magnitude events. This work aims to characterize and to analyze the dynamics of forest fragmentation and the vulnerability of disturbance patches resulting from landslides, originated by heavy rainfall events that occurred in the mountain ranges of Rio de Janeiro state in the year 2011. The fragmentation pattern before and after the events was evaluated by the use of landscape metric indexes, extracted from land cover and landslide scars maps made by the analysis of satellite images. The indexes show a 6% reduction of the forest area and an increase of 107% in the number of forest patches, especially of small ones. A loss of 17% of forest core area and an increase of 43% in the number of forest cores and of 28% of edge density has occurred. The distance from the nearest neighbor decreased 46% due to the narrow and elongated shape of landslide scars. The overall results show that the rainfall events have caused an intensification of the historical process of forest fragmentation, promoting an increase of the ecological vulnerability and instability of the forest remnants, highlighting how high magnitude natural events can cause rapid 1 Geógrafa, Rua dos Quartéis 90, 2º frente.

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Atlantic Forest spontaneous regeneration at landscape scale

Cited by 133 publications

References 54 publications

A landscape approach for cost‐effective large‐scale forest restoration

A landscape approach for cost‐effective large‐scale forest restoration

On the teaching of ecological restoration in Brazil: an analysis of postgraduate courses

Deslizamentos E Fragmentação Florestal Na Região Serrana Do Estado Do Rio De Janeiro

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