Atlantic salmon cope in submerged cages when given access to an air dome that enables fish to maintain neutral buoyancy

Oppedal, Frode; Folkedal, Ole; Stien, Lars Helge; Vågseth, Tone; Fosse, Jan Olav; Dempster, Tim; Warren‐Myers, Fletcher

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735286

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In contrast, shorter‐term submergence for periods less than 21 days appear to have relatively little effect on growth rates 35‐37 and have been promoted as an effective way to avoid temporary negative surface events such as storms 36 . However, integrating an air dome into the ceiling of a submerged cage to enable salmonids to refill their swim bladders underwater 38 led to sustained good growth rates over submergence periods up to 7 weeks. Since this trial, 18,000 salmon have been grown from 0.2 kg to harvest size (~5 kg) in three submerged cages fitted with air domes for a full sea production cycle of 14 months (Warren‐Myers et al in review .…”

Section: The Status Of Submerged Cage Aquaculturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this solution may not suit all submerged farm operations for logistical reasons. A recent technological advance added an underwater air dome to submerged cages to allow fish to access air at depth 38,53 . The addition of an air dome allows salmonids to refill their swim bladder while submerged and to regulate their buoyancy, which results in the fish maintaining normal balance.…”

Section: The Biological Outcomes Considerations and Challenges Of Submerged Fish Farmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tilted swimming behaviour and faster swimming speeds in submerged cages allow fish to generate lift and compensate for negative buoyancy due to underinflated swim bladders. The addition of air domes to submerged cages has largely resolved these behaviour issues by allowing fish to freely access air whenever needed 38 …”

Section: The Biological Outcomes Considerations and Challenges Of Submerged Fish Farmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent technological advance added an underwater air dome to submerged cages to allow fish to access air at depth. 38,53 The addition of an air dome allows salmonids to refill their swim bladder while submerged and to regulate their buoyancy, which results in the fish maintaining normal balance. This solution to buoyancy regulation now means the industry is one step closer to the successful submerged culture of physostomous species.…”

Section: Ta B L E 2 (Continued)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The addition of air domes to submerged cages has largely resolved these behaviour issues by allowing fish to freely access air whenever needed. 38 Swimming depths of farmed salmonids are driven by both environmental gradients (e.g. temperature and light) in the water column, and internal motivations such as hunger levels (see review by…”

Section: Swimming Behavioursmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Submerged cage aquaculture of marine fish: A review of the biological challenges and opportunities

Sievers

Korsøen

Warren‐Myers

et al. 2021

Reviews in Aquaculture

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Surface‐based cages are the dominant production technology for the marine finfish aquaculture industry. However, issues such as extreme weather events, poor environmental conditions, interactions with parasites, and conflicts with other coastal users are problematic for surface‐based aquaculture. Submerged cages may reduce many of these problems and commercial interest in their use has increased. However, a broad synthesis of research into the effects of submerged culture on fish is lacking. Here, we review the current status of submerged fish farming worldwide, outline the biological challenges that fish with fundamentally different buoyancy control physiologies face in submerged culture, and discuss production benefits and problems that might arise from submerged fish farming. Our findings suggest that fish with closed swim bladders, and fish without swim bladders, may be well‐suited to submerged culture. However, for fish with open swim bladders, such as salmonids, submergence is more complex as they require access to surface air to refill their swim bladders and maintain buoyancy. Growth and welfare of open swim bladder fish can be compromised by submergence for long periods due to complications with buoyancy regulation, but the recent addition of underwater air domes to submerged cages can alleviate this issue. Despite this advance, a greater understanding of how to couple advantageous environmental conditions with submerged culture to improve fish growth and welfare over the commercial production cycle is required if submerged cages are to become a viable alternative to surface‐based cage aquaculture.

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Section: The Status Of Submerged Cage Aquaculturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Biological Outcomes Considerations and Challenges Of Submerged Fish Farmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Biological Outcomes Considerations and Challenges Of Submerged Fish Farmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ta B L E 2 (Continued)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Swimming Behavioursmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Submerged cage aquaculture of marine fish: A review of the biological challenges and opportunities

Sievers

Korsøen

Warren‐Myers

et al. 2021

Reviews in Aquaculture

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Analysis of the economic performance of salmon farming in submerged and surface cages in the Black Sea

Yigit,

Ergün

et al. 2023

Aquacult Int

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The production period for salmon farming in the Black Sea comprises the winter period and is limited to seven months, due to high water temperatures during the summer time. As an alternative strategy, temporary cage submersion during the summer season might be a solution for salmon grow-out throughout the year. Therefore, this study was conducted for comparative evaluation of economic performance of submerged and surface cages, by analyzing structural costs and returns for Turkish salmon farming in the Black Sea. As a result of the temporary cage submersion strategy, economic profits increased by nearly 70%, granting higher values of financial indicators with increased net profit (685,652.5 $ year −1 ) and margin of safety (89.6%), compared to the traditional surface cage (397,058.5 $ year −1 net profit and 88.4% margin of safety). The “What-if” analysis showed that profits from both cage systems were sensitive to variations in sale price, and the simulation by 10% reduced export market value may decrease revenues, with less financial profit loss for the submerged cage over the surface once. Hence, temporary cage submersion seems to be an alternative farm management strategy with extended production cycle and higher profits for the sustainable development of Turkish salmon farming in the Black Sea.

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Full production cycle, commercial scale culture of salmon in submerged sea-cages with air domes reduces lice infestation, but creates production and welfare challenges

et al. 2022

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Atlantic salmon cope in submerged cages when given access to an air dome that enables fish to maintain neutral buoyancy

Cited by 12 publications

References 30 publications

Submerged cage aquaculture of marine fish: A review of the biological challenges and opportunities

Submerged cage aquaculture of marine fish: A review of the biological challenges and opportunities

Analysis of the economic performance of salmon farming in submerged and surface cages in the Black Sea

Full production cycle, commercial scale culture of salmon in submerged sea-cages with air domes reduces lice infestation, but creates production and welfare challenges

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