Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) protein hydrolysate in diets for weaning piglets ─ effect on growth performance, intestinal morphometry and microbiota composition

Abstract

Salmon protein hydrolysates (SPH) from two different rest raw materials were evaluated in diets for weaning piglets. Four experimental diets were included in the study: a diet based on plant protein with soy protein as the main protein source (Diet PP), a diet based on fishmeal in exchange for soy protein (Diet FM) and two diets in which different SPH replaced fishmeal in the FM diet. The experimental diets were fed to piglets from the day of weaning until 32 d postweaning. In addition to the record of performance data, an intestinal sampling for mucosal morphometry and microbiota 16S rRNA gene sequencing were performed at day 11 on a subset of the animals. The duodenal villi absorption area was significantly larger in piglets receiving Diets SPH compared with Diet PP (p < 0.02). A significant positive correlation between duodenal villi height and average daily gain during the first 11 d postweaning was detected. Only small differences in intestinal microbiota community and no differences in growth performance were detected between the experimental diets. To conclude, SPH seem to be an interesting novel protein source in weanling piglets.

Valorization of Aquaculture By-Products of Salmonids to Produce Enzymatic Hydrolysates: Process Optimization, Chemical Characterization and Evaluation of Bioactives

“…Nevertheless, the data of TEAA/TAA for salmon viscera hydrolysates [32] were higher than here reported for other by-products of salmonids (46% vs. 33-37%). Protein, amino acid contents and digestibilities shown in Table S3 and Table 4 were in concordance with the chemical, functional, and nutritional properties necessary for their utilization in animal feed [15,16,18]. Additionally, the values of total sugars, from 1.2 to 1.5 g/L, were very similar in the four hydrolysates of salmonids.…”

“…The functional capacity of FPHs in terms of antihypertensive, antioxidant, antiproliferative, antimicrobial, etc., in vitro bioactivities, is one of the most valuable properties of these bioproduction [11][12][13][14]. Additionally, since hydrolysates are composed of soluble proteins, peptides, and free amino acids, they are an excellent ingredient of aquaculture feeds and pet-food diets in substitution of the conventional fishmeals, improving generally the effectiveness of feeds and diets to support fish and animal healthy growths [15][16][17][18].However, complete studies of production of enzymatic hydrolysates from salmonid wastes including optimization of proteolysis conditions, analysis of kinetic hydrolysis, chemical characterization of all products obtained, bioactivities, and peptides size distribution are practically non-existent. Therefore, the aims of this work are (1) optimization of the experimental conditions to produce FPHs, using Alcalase, of salmonid by-products (heads of salmon and rainbow trout) by response surface methodology (RSM), (2) mathematical analysis of hydrolysis kinetics by Weibull equation, (3) chemical characterization of products obtained from salmonid hydrolysis, (4) identification of average molecular weights and peptide size distribution of the hydrolysates, and (5) determination of two bioactives (antioxidant and antihypertensive) from FPHs.Mar.…”

“…The functional capacity of FPHs in terms of antihypertensive, antioxidant, antiproliferative, antimicrobial, etc., in vitro bioactivities, is one of the most valuable properties of these bioproduction [11][12][13][14]. Additionally, since hydrolysates are composed of soluble proteins, peptides, and free amino acids, they are an excellent ingredient of aquaculture feeds and pet-food diets in substitution of the conventional fishmeals, improving generally the effectiveness of feeds and diets to support fish and animal healthy growths [15][16][17][18].…”

Partially defatted black soldier fly larva meal inclusion in piglet diets: effects on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profile, gut morphology and histological features

“…The evaluated morphometric indices were the villus height (Vh, from the top of the villus to the villus-crypt junction), crypt depth (Cd, from the villus-crypt junction to the base of the crypt) and the villus height to crypt depth ratio (Vh/Cd, calculated by dividing the villus height by the crypt depth) [39]. Morphometric measurements were performed on 10 well-oriented and intact villi and on 10 crypts chosen from the duodenum, jejunum and ileum [40].…”

Fish silage hydrolysates: Not only a feed nutrient, but also a useful feed additive

“…Short-chain organic acids like formic acid, are among the candidates that may be used as growth promotors in feed for poultry and pigs instead of banned non-therapeutic antibiotics (Defoirdt, Boon, Sorgeloos, Verstraete, & Bossier, 2009;Dibner & Buttin, 2002;Khan & Iqbal, 2016). Short-chain organic acids have apparently been applied in diets for pigs for many years (Dibner & Buttin, 2002) and recent published feeding trials confirm this (Eisemann & van Heugten, 2007;Opheim, Strube, Sterten, Øverland, & Kjos, 2016). A main mechanism behind the growth promoting properties is the antimicrobial effects in the upper part of the gastrointestinal track of animals.…”