Atlantic water temperature and climate in the Barents Sea, 2000–2009

Boitsov, Vladimir D.; Karsakov, A. L.; Trofimov, Alexander

doi:10.1093/icesjms/fss075

Cited by 97 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Though a progressive northward recovery of kelp forests extent is observed, its recovery status is still partial in northern Norway (Sivertsen, 2006;Rinde et al, 2014). (2) In northernmost part of the Barents sea, sea-ice extent is undergoing a particularly dramatic decrease (Parkinson et al, 1999) with a significant decrease rate of −3.5% per decade of winter ice extent (Sorteberg and Kvingedal, 2006) as a response to climate warming (Boitsov et al, 2014). This dramatic loss of habitat has consequences on the associated communities (Kovacs et al, 2011) as well as in the functioning of the Barents sea ecosystem as a whole (Wassmann et al, 2006).…”

Section: Evaluation Of the Assessment Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indicator-Based Assessment of Marine Biological Diversity–Lessons from 10 Case Studies across the European Seas

Uusitalo

Blanchet

Andersen³

et al. 2016

Front. Mar. Sci.

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The Marine Strategy Framework Directive requires the environmental status of European marine waters to be assessed using biodiversity as 1 out of 11 descriptors, but the complexity of marine biodiversity and its large span across latitudinal and salinity gradients have been a challenge to the scientific community aiming to produce approaches for integrating information from a broad range of indicators. The Nested Environmental status Assessment Tool (NEAT), developed for the integrated assessment of the status of marine waters, was applied to 10 marine ecosystems to test its applicability and compare biodiversity assessments across the four European regional seas. We evaluate the assessment results as well as the assessment designs of the 10 cases, and how the assessment design, particularly the choices made regarding the area and indicator selection, affected the results. The results show that only 2 out of the 10 case study areas show more than 50% probability of being in good status in respect of biodiversity. No strong pattern among the ecosystem components across the case study areas could be detected, but marine mammals, birds, and benthic vegetation indicators tended to indicate poor status while zooplankton indicators indicated good status when included into the assessment. The analysis shows that the assessment design, including the selection of indicators, their target values, geographical resolution Uusitalo et al.Case-Studies of Marine Biodiversity and habitats to be assessed, has potentially a high impact on the result, and the assessment structure needs to be understood in order to make an informed assessment. Moreover, recommendations are provided for the best practice of using NEAT for marine status assessments.

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Section: Evaluation Of the Assessment Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indicator-Based Assessment of Marine Biological Diversity–Lessons from 10 Case Studies across the European Seas

Uusitalo

Blanchet

Andersen³

et al. 2016

Front. Mar. Sci.

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“…This trend was accompanied by a spectacular increase of the air temperature (Levitus et al, 2009). The last decade was the warmest of the last century (Boitsov et al, 2012) and is also characterized by the largest decrease of the sea ice extent in the BS ever observed (Parkinson and Cavalieri, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Barents Sea frontal zones and water masses variability (1980–2011)

2016

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Abstract. The polar front separates the warm and saline Atlantic Water entering the southern Barents Sea from the cold and fresh Arctic Water located in the north. These water masses can mix together (mainly in the center of the Barents Sea), be cooled by the atmosphere and receive salt because of brine release; these processes generate dense water in winter, which then cascades into the Arctic Ocean to form the Arctic Intermediate Water. To study the interannual variability and evolution of the frontal zones and the corresponding variations of the water masses, we have merged data from the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea and the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute and have built a new database, which covers the 1980-2011 period. The summer data were interpolated on a regular grid. A probability density function is used to show that the polar front splits into two branches east of 32 • E where the topographic constraint weakens. Two fronts can then be identified: the Northern Front is associated with strong salinity gradients and the Southern Front with temperature gradients. Both fronts enclose the denser Barents Sea Water. The interannual variability of the water masses is apparent in the observed data and is linked to that of the ice cover. The frontal zones variability is found by using data from a general circulation model. The link with the atmospheric variability, represented here by the Arctic Oscillation, is not clear. However, model results suggest that such a link could be validated if winter data were taken into account. A strong trend appears: the Atlantic Water (Arctic Water) occupies a larger (smaller) volume of the Barents Sea. This trend amplifies during the last decade and the model study suggests that this could be accompanied by a northwards displacement of the Southern Front in the eastern part of the Barents Sea. The results are less clear for the Northern Front. The observations show that the volume of the Barents Sea Water remains nearly unchanged, which suggests a northwards shift of the Northern Front to compensate for the northward shift of the Southern Front. Lastly, we noticed that the seasonal variability of the position of the front is small.

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“…Ocean temperature data came from the Kola Section (70°30′-72°30′N, 33°30′E), which is also a proxy for Atlantic water inflow strength and thereby BS climate conditions (36). The area with bottom water characterized by temperatures appropriate for BS cod [i.e., temperature >0°C (56)] was used to investigate the influence of annual variation in SFA from 1970 onward (Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A significant increase in the amount of warm Atlantic waters inflowing into the BS (34), which also imports food (zooplankton) for juvenile cod (11,35), has raised temperatures by close to 1.5°C since the late 1970s (Fig. 1A) (36). No convincing evidence indicated a direct temperature influence on survival of early year classes, that is, R/SSB (age 1, P = 0.06; age 2, P = 0.49; age 3, P = 0.60; 1-to 3-y temperature lag, respectively); this is in agreement with earlier studies that showed temperature on its own does not determine year-class strength (37).…”

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confidence: 99%

Synergies between climate and management for Atlantic cod fisheries at high latitudes

Kjesbu¹,

Bogstad²,

Devine³

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

182

189

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The widespread depletion of commercially exploited marine living resources is often seen as a general failure of management and results in criticism of contemporary management procedures. When populations show dramatic and positive changes in population size, this invariably leads to questions about whether favorable climatic conditions or good management (or both) were responsible. The Barents Sea cod (Gadus morhua) stock has recently increased markedly and the spawning stock biomass is now at an unprecedented high. We identify the crucial social and environmental factors that made this unique growth possible. The relationship between vital rates of Barents Sea cod stock productivity (recruitment, growth, and mortality) and environment is investigated, followed by simulations of population size under different management scenarios. We show that the recent sustained reduction in fishing mortality, facilitated by the implementation of a "harvest control rule," was essential to the increase in population size. Simulations show that a drastic reduction in fishing mortality has resulted in a doubling of the total population biomass compared with that expected under the former management regime. However, management alone was not solely responsible. We document that prevailing climate, operating through several mechanistic links, positively reinforced management actions. Heightened temperature resulted in an increase in the extent of the suitable feeding area for Barents Sea cod, likely offering a release from density-dependent effects (for example, food competition and cannibalism) through prolonged overlap with prey and improved adult stock productivity. Management and climate may thus interact to give a positive outlook for exploited high-latitude marine resources.gadoids | population dynamics | quota | ocean warming | polar displacement

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Atlantic water temperature and climate in the Barents Sea, 2000–2009

Cited by 97 publications

References 7 publications

Indicator-Based Assessment of Marine Biological Diversity–Lessons from 10 Case Studies across the European Seas

Indicator-Based Assessment of Marine Biological Diversity–Lessons from 10 Case Studies across the European Seas

The Barents Sea frontal zones and water masses variability (1980–2011)

Synergies between climate and management for Atlantic cod fisheries at high latitudes

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