Atlanto-axial subluxation (Grisel's syndrome) following otolaryngological diseases and procedures

Samuel, Donald; Thomas, D. M.; Tierney, Paul; Patel, Kalpana S

doi:10.1017/s0022215100131883

Cited by 46 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Sipila et al [5] 2 T Robinson and De Boer [6] 1 Pharyngoplasty Hopla et al [7] 2 First: otitis media, second: choanal atresia Boiten et al [8] 2 U R T I Sangermani et al [9] 1 T A Robertson et al [10] 1 R P A Antoniuk [11] 1 T Mathern and Batzdorf [12] 2 U R T I Eadie et al [13] 2 Pharyngoplasty Singer [14] 2 T A Litman and Perkins [15] 1 Tympanomastoidectomy& trisomy21 Prado et al [16] 1 R P A Samuel et al [17] 3 T A Baker et al [18] 2 T A Nucci et al [19] 1 Instilling eye drops& Downs syndrome Welinder et al [20] 1 R P A Onerci et al [21] 1 T A Kelly et al [22] 1 Bilateral otoplasty *Subach et al [23] 20 7 URTI, 4 TA, 4 trauma, 5 idiopathic Bedi et al [24] 1 T A Dasen [25] 1 T Brisson [26] 1 Central line placement Cunnington and Mongia [27] 1 Pharyngeal abscess Al-Jishi and Sreekantaswamy [28] 1 Primary dystonia Meek et al [29] 1 Pharyngoplasty and grommets in cleft palate case Kraft and Tschopp [30] 3 A Holcomb et al [31] 4 URTI, TA *Martinez-Lage et al [32] 4 3 trauma, 1 OM Guleryuz et al [33] 1 U R T I Gourin et al [34] 1 R P A Okada et al [35] 1 Mumps Mezue et al [36] 13 URTI Kasten et al [37] 1 U R T I Tschopp [38] 3 Monopolar electrocautery and A Ugur et al [39] 2 U R T I Lehtinen et al [40] 1 U R T I Yu et al [41] 1 T A Fernandez-Cornejo et al [42] 4 U R T I Hirth and Welkoborsky …”

Section: Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

Grisel's syndrome in otolaryngology: A systematic review

Karkos

Benton

Leong

et al. 2007

International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology

109

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Section: Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

Grisel's syndrome in otolaryngology: A systematic review

Karkos

Benton

Leong

et al. 2007

International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology

109

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“…The etiopathogenesis of this clinical entity is not clear yet [6,7]. C-reactive protein (CRP) was 24.98 mg/dl, and the white blood cell count (WBC) was 7.100 U/ml.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-traumatic Atlanto-axial Rotatory Subluxation- Grisel’s Syndrome Case Report and Literature Review

Rami¹,

Dj²,

Sotirios³

et al. 2016

J Spine

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Study design: Case report of conservatively treated non-traumatic Atlanto-axial rotatory sublaxation.Objective: To report our case with this rare condition (non-traumatic Atlanto-axial rotatory subluxation-Grisel Syndrome) in a 9-year old girl presenting with torticollis and neck pain and literature review. Summary of background data:Atlanto-axial rotatory fixation or non-traumatic atlanto-axial subluxation which is usually secondary to an infection or an inflammation at the head and neck region is a rare subtype of subluxation in which a pathologic fixation of the atlas on the axis is present. It is most common in paediatric patients and it can be managed conservatively in the acute stage. In contrast, cases of chronic non-traumatic atlanto-axial rotatory subluxation are usually treated with operative reduction, according to literature data. Although high success rates have been achieved with operative reduction in chronic cases, a significant reduction in neck motion occurs due to the atlanto-axial fusion.Methods: A 9-year-old girl developed torticollis established longer than 10 weeks as a result of an upper respiratory tract infection. Computed tomography showed a type 1 rotatory subluxation of the Atlanto-axial joint according to the classification of Fielding and Hawkins. The patient was treated by manual reduction according to Jeszenszky (Jeszenszky transoral Citation Nr 22) under general anaesthesia and fluoroscopy control, and then a halo vest had been applied for 6 weeks. Results:We successfully treated this patient with chronic non-traumatic Atlanto-axial rotatory subluxation with manual reduction and immobilisation by applying a halo-body-jacket. She showed full recovery of neck motion and normal Atlanto-axial angle on clinical and radiological follow-up after 1 month and 3 months respectively. Conclusion:Chronic non-traumatic Atlanto-axial rotatory subluxation is a rare condition which can easily escape the attention of physicians especially in children. Conservative treatment with complete reduction under anaesthesia and subsequent immobilisation via halo-body-jacket for at least 6 weeks is a viable option as presented in this case report. Surgical treatment should be reserved only for cases of failure of conservative management (recurrence or irreducible subluxation).

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“…It is generally accepted that the process is initiated by an infection in the upper cervical region which creates an inflammatory milieu. Grisel postulated that AAS was caused by muscle spasm; now muscle spasm is thought to be a reaction to adjacent inflammation and the role of this muscle spasm is limited to maintenance of the subluxed position but is not causative [1,2]. Hyperemia of the blood supply of bone has been shown to cause resorption.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%