Atlantoaxial rotary subluxation in children

The Treatment of Traumatic Atlantoaxial Rotatory Subluxation (Fielding Type I) and the Correlation between the Clinical Progress and Radiological Reduction Parameter

“…If the injury onset was longer than 3 months, the satisfactory outcome can be expected by an operation. 1,[8][9][10] It is known that the early diagnosis is essential for the successful non-invasive reduction in adult atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation and the need for the invasive reduction increases when the reduction is delayed for several months 5,11) like the pediatric atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation. However, there aren' t enough systemic studies regarding adult atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation based on Fielding type 1, 2 and 3, and only there are several reports of bilateral atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation cases caused by trauma to date.…”

Principal Components Analysis of the Atlas Vertebra

“…2,16 Variation in the structure of the atlantoaxial joint (especially variation that impacts rotation) may have significant biomechanical impact leading to upper cervical dysfunctions such as muscle spasm (especially torticollis). 2,[17][18][19] Variation in the structure of the atlantoaxial joint may also lead to abnormal biomechanics related to lateral bending. These biomechanical abnormalities based on anatomical variation may be mistaken for a subluxation.…”

A child with a abnormal neck posture after doing a head-over-heels

“…Frequently, there is an associated muscle spasm that aggravates the forward subluxation of C1 on C2. Also, tenderness of the spinal process of the axis and unilateral occipital pain may exist, as in the capsule of the atlanto-axial joint, a branch of the second cervical nerve innervating the occipital dermatome is situated [5]. Proper physical examination is important not only for the presence of underlying predisoposing conditions as listed above but also to detect neurologic dysfunction as this may direct choice of imaging.…”