Atlas of Stem Anatomy in Herbs, Shrubs and Trees

Wood anatomy of the tribe Podalyrieae (Fabaceae, Papilionoideae): Diversity and evolutionary trends

“…Amongst its related genistoid tribes Thermopsideae, Genisteae and Crotalarieae, the presence of crystals has thus far been reported only in a single species of Calobota belonging to the Crotalarieae (Metcalfe and Chalk, 1950;YatsenkoKhmelevsky, 1954;Grosser, 1977;Fahn et al, 1986;Schweingruber, 1990;Schweingruber et al, 2011;InsideWood, 2004-onwards;Oskolski et al, in prep.). Prismatic crystals are commonly found in Fabaceae wood (Gasson, 1994), whilst in Podalyrieae we also observed acicular crystals in sheaf-like aggregates, solitary and aggregated navicular crystals, as well as crystal sand.…”

“…in Genisteae, Thermopsideae and Crotalarieae (Metcalfe and Chalk, 1950;Yatsenko-Khmelevsky, 1954;Grosser, 1977;Baretta-Kuipers, 1981;Fahn et al, 1986;Schweingruber, 1990;Van Wyk and Schutte, 1995;InsideWood, 2004-onwards;Schweingruber et al, 2011;and our unpublished observations) as well as in some members of the tribes Sophoreae (Gasson, 1994), Hedysareae (Benkova and Schweingruber, 2004); Galegeae (Fahn et al, 1986), Loteae (Schweingruber et al, 2011) and the subfamily Caesalpinioideae (Cozzo, 1951;Schweingruber et al, 2011). This trend can be postulated to be an adaptation to water stress, because the vessel groups provide the bypass water conduits in the case of an embolism of some vessels (Zimmermann, 1983;Carlquist, 1987;Sperry, 2003).…”

Comparison between degradation capabilities of the white rot fungi Pleurotus ostreatus and Trametes versicolor in beech wood

“…The sections were stained using a mixture of Safranin 0.5% and Astrablue 0.3% in 1:1 ratio (Mohebby, 2003;Schweingruber et al, 2011;Bari et al, 2015). The stained samples were washed with distilled water for 1e3 min, dehydrated with a 95% and absolute ethanol series for 2e3 min.…”

First record of Styracoxylon (Styracaceae) from Southern Hemisphere: Arroyo Feliciano Formation (Upper Pleistocene), Entre Ríos, Argentina

“…ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 13 observed in extant species of Styrax benzoin, S. officinalis, S. platanifolius and S. texanus (Carlquist, 1980;Dickison and Phend, 1985;Damayanti et al, 2012;Schweingruber et al, 2013). The presence of a combination of scalariform and simple perforation plates may be correlated to the semi-ring porous wood as reported by Dickison and Phend (1985).…”

“…The key anatomical features of the studied material (diffuse to ring-porous wood, small vessels with straight to oblique end walls, mainly scalariform and rarely simple perforation plates, usually scalariform to opposite and alternate intervessel pits, diffuse and diffuse-in-aggregates apotracheal axial parenchyma, usually 2-4 seriate and sometimes up to 6 seriate rays, rays of two distinct sizes and markedly heterogeneous) are common features in Styracaceae (Metcalfe and Chalk, 1950;Gonsoulin, 1974;Miller, 1976;Dickison and Phend, 1985;ter Welle and Dickison in Wallnöfer,1997;Carlquist, 1980;Baas et al, 2000;Machado, 2007;Schweingruber et al, 2013). Some of the above mentioned characters also occur in the Sapotaceae, Symplocaceae and Ebenaceae (Table 1).…”