Atlas of the Rat Spinal Cord

Watson, Charles; Paxinos, George; Kayalıoğlu, Gülgün; Heise, Claire E.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374247-6.50019-5

Cited by 83 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Table 1 summarizes neuronal depths from the surface of the cord and pre-drug baseline responses to mechanical, thermal, and electrical stimulation. Neurons were characterized from depths corresponding to lamina V/VI (Watson et al, 2009) and had receptive fields on the glabrous skin of the hind toes. Deep dorsal horn neurons displayed graded firing to natural stimuli and were identified as wide dynamic range by confirming responses to dynamic brushing, noxious punctate mechanical, After isolating single dorsal horn neurons and after stable baseline recordings, naive rats were dosed subcutaneously with 100 mg/kg M8-An.…”

Section: M8-an Inhibits Icilin Evoked Camentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel TRPM8 Antagonist Attenuates Cold Hypersensitivity after Peripheral Nerve Injury in Rats

Patel

Gonçalves

Newman³

et al. 2014

J Pharmacol Exp Ther

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Abnormal cold sensitivity is a common feature of a range of neuropathies. In the murine somatosensory system, multiple aspects of cold sensitivity are dependent on TRPM8, both short term and in response to peripheral nerve injury. The specialized nature of cold-sensitive afferents and the restricted expression of TRPM8 render it an attractive target for the treatment of cold hypersensitivity. This current study examines the effect of a novel TRPM8 antagonist (M8-An) in naive and spinal nerveligated rats through behavioral and in vivo electrophysiological approaches. In vitro, M8-An inhibited icilin-evoked Ca 21 currents in HEK293 cells stably expressing human TRPM8 with an IC 50 of 10.9 nM. In vivo, systemic M8-An transiently decreased core body temperature. Deep dorsal horn recordings were made in vivo from neurons innervating the hind paw. M8-An inhibited neuronal responses to innocuous and noxious cooling of the receptive field in spinal nerve-ligated rats but not in naive rats. No effect on neuronal responses to mechanical and heat stimulation was observed. In addition, M8-An also attenuated behavioral responses to cold but not mechanical stimulation after nerve ligation without affecting the uninjured contralateral response. The data presented here support a contribution of TRPM8 to the pathophysiology of cold hypersensitivity in this model and highlight the potential of the pharmacological block of TRPM8 in alleviating the associated symptoms.

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Section: M8-an Inhibits Icilin Evoked Camentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel TRPM8 Antagonist Attenuates Cold Hypersensitivity after Peripheral Nerve Injury in Rats

Patel

Gonçalves

Newman³

et al. 2014

J Pharmacol Exp Ther

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“…Later, Rexed's laminae were shown in the rat (Molander et al, 1984(Molander et al, , 1989Watson et al, 2009a;Sengul et al, 2013), mouse (Sidman et al, 1971;Sengul et al, 2013;Watson et al, 2009b), monkey (Sengul et al, 2013) and human (Schoenen and Faull, 2004;Sengul et al, 2013). These laminae are organized from dorsal to ventral as lamina 1 to lamina 9.…”

Section: The Laminae Of Rexedmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…This nucleus is responsible for mediating afferent input, including nociceptive information. The lateral cervical nucleus (LatC) is found in the dorsal part of the lateral funiculus of the in C1-C3 segments in the rat (Watson et al, 2009a). LatC neurons are round in shape, and their dendrites longitudinally extend within the spinal cord.…”

Section: Lateral Spinal Nucleusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spinal Cord Cyto- and Chemoarchitecture

Şengül

2015

The Rat Nervous System

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“…Images were analyzed using the computer program LAS EZ (Leica, Germany) for assessment of cell size. The locations of immunopositive structures were determined using a rat SC atlas [23]. Colocation of the study enzymes in neurons was identifi ed on sequential sections allowing cell topography in the SC to be determined.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributions of Cholinergic and Nitroxidergic Neurons in the Spinal Cord of Neonatal and Adult Rats

Kolos

Коржевский

2015

Neurosci Behav Physi

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The fi rst studies of the cholinergic transmitter system of the spinal cord (SC) were reported by Dale et al. as long ago as the 1930s [10] and demonstrated the presence of acetylcholine (ACh) in neuromuscular synapses formed by the motor neurons of the SC. In the 1940s, the use of neuropharmacological and electrophysiological methods provided convincing evidence that ACh has a role in transmitting nerve spikes in the SC. Current morphological investigations of cholinergic neurons are performed using immunocytochemical detection of the key enzyme of ACh synthesis -choline acetyltransferase (CAT) [3,6,15].The presence of nitric oxide (NO) as a neurotransmitter in the SC was demonstrated in the 1990s. NOergic structures are most often detected using the immunohistochemical reactions for nitric oxide synthase (NOS) -an enzyme involved in NO synthesis from L-arginine in cells [5,21].The functions of NO in the nervous system and the interaction of the NOergic and cholinergic transmitter systems remain under discussion.The aim of the present work was to study and compare the spatial distributions of cholinergic and NOergic structures in the SC in neonatal and adult rats. Materials and MethodsExperiments were performed using SC from adult (n = 5) and neonatal Wistar rat pups (n = 5). Animal care and sacrifi ce and experiments were performed in compliance with the "Regulations for Studies Using Experimental Animals." The cervical part of the SC was studied at the level of segments III-V, which were fi xed in zinc-ethanol-formaldehyde for one day. There SC of adult rats was fi xed with the surrounding tissues (including bone), and therefore underwent decalcination in formic acid solution [2]. SC from neo natal rat pups was not decalcinated. Specimens were then dehydrated in ascending ethanol concentrations and embedded in paraffi n. Serial sections of thickness 5 μm were prepared for immunohistochemical studies using standard methods. Thermal antigen demasking was performed before the immunohistochemical reacThe aim of the present work was to study the distributions of cholinergic and nitroxidergic neurons in the spinal cord (SC) in neonatal and adult rats. Immunohistochemical detection of choline acetyltransferase (CAT) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) was performed in the cervical segments of the SC in neonatal (n = 5) and adult (n = 5) Wistar rats. CAT-containing neurons were found to be located in the anterior horns of the SC; occasional cells were located in the posterior horns of the gray matter of the SC, and the central gray matter and at the boundary between Rexed laminae VI and VII. Nitroxidergic neurons were located in the superfi cial layers of the posterior horns of the gray matter of the SC, the central gray matter, and Rexed laminae VI-VII. The SC of neonatal and adult rats was found to contain NOS-expressing cholinergic neurons. The fi nding of cells containing both enzymes as early as the fi rst day after birth suggested that they are formed in the rat SC during prenatal ontogeny.

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Atlas of the Rat Spinal Cord

Cited by 83 publications

References 4 publications

Novel TRPM8 Antagonist Attenuates Cold Hypersensitivity after Peripheral Nerve Injury in Rats

Novel TRPM8 Antagonist Attenuates Cold Hypersensitivity after Peripheral Nerve Injury in Rats

Spinal Cord Cyto- and Chemoarchitecture

Distributions of Cholinergic and Nitroxidergic Neurons in the Spinal Cord of Neonatal and Adult Rats

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