Atlas on the Biology of Soil Arthropods

Eisenbeis, Gerhard; Wichard, Wilfried

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-72634-7

Cited by 122 publications

(100 citation statements)

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“…The reported results confirm earlier investigations on basic features of the collembolan cuticle [24][25][26] and on cuticle differentiation [33].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The multi-layered protective cuticle of Collembola: a chemical analysis

Nickerl

Tsurkan

Hensel

et al. 2014

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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Collembola, also known as springtails, are soil-dwelling arthropods that typically respire through the cuticle. To avoid suffocating in wet conditions, Collembola have evolved a complex, hierarchically nanostructured, cuticle surface that repels water with remarkable efficiency. In order to gain a more profound understanding of the cuticle characteristics, the chemical composition and architecture of the cuticle of Tetrodontophora bielanensis was studied. A stepwise removal of the different cuticle layers enabled controlled access to each layer that could be analysed separately by chemical spectrometry methods and electron microscopy. We found a cuticle composition that consisted of three characteristic layers, namely, a chitinrich lamellar base structure overlaid by protein-rich nanostructures, and a lipid-rich envelope. The specific functions, composition and biological characteristics of each cuticle layer are discussed with respect to adaptations of Collembola to their soil habitat. It was found that the non-wetting characteristics base on a rather typical arthropod cuticle surface chemistry which confirms the decisive role of the cuticle topography.

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“…The reported results confirm earlier investigations on basic features of the collembolan cuticle [24][25][26] and on cuticle differentiation [33].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The multi-layered protective cuticle of Collembola: a chemical analysis

Nickerl

Tsurkan

Hensel

et al. 2014

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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“…Beetles are adapted to a wide range of environments partly due to their exoskeleton enabling life in a variety of moisture conditions (Eisenbeis and Wichard 1987). Isopods occur in greater abundance under stones and in damp environments (Sutton 1980), which is confirmed in this study by the positive association with relative soil moisture.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…Taxonomic levels lower than the one used here to identify invertebrates would certainly provide more detailed results though sampling efficiency would be reduced. Sampling was done around mid-day, which limits sampling to invertebrate groups that are active during the day (Eisenbeis and Wichard 1987). Results are limited to the invertebrates visually observed (i.e., >1 mm which may exclude arthropods such as small mites) found under boxes whereas smaller individuals and groups found in deeper soil are under-represented.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recognizable Taxonomic Units (RTU; Bolger et al 2000;Ferguson 2004) were used to group all macroinvertebrates (>3 mm) observed under boxes based on differences in size and feeding habits (Eisenbeis and Wichard 1987;Brock et al, 1994) and included springtails (Collembola), spiders (Araneae), ants (Formicidae), ant larvae, centipedes (Chilopoda), Diplura, adult flies (Diptera), phytophagous mites (Acarina: Oribatida), bugs (Hemiptera and Homoptera), Pseudoscorpionida, wasps (non-ant Hymenoptera), moth and butterfly larvae (Lepidoptera), Gastropoda (snails and slugs), Isopoda (woodlouse; Tracheoniscus rathkei), beetles (Coleoptera and Staphylinidae species -adults and larvae), millipedes (Diplopoda), and earthworms (Oligochaeta).…”

Section: Study Design and Sample Plotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Invertebrate Diversity under Artificial Cover in Relation to Boreal Forest Habitat Characteristics

Ferguson

Berube

2004

Can Field Nat

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. 2004. Invertebrate diversity under artificial cover in relation to boreal forest habitat characteristics. Canadian Field-Naturalist 118(3): 386-392We investigated invertebrate diversity in boreal forests using an experimental design that consisted of counting soil invertebrates under artificial cover. The aim was to assess the utility of using soil invertebrate diversity as a measure of ecosystem health. The study area was grouped into five habitats: upland hardwood, lowland hardwood, conifer, shrub, and conifergrass. Simpson's and Shannon's indices of invertebrate diversity were negatively correlated with percent herbaceous cover. Number of recognizable taxonomic units (RTU richness) was negatively correlated with percent litter cover. The number of individual invertebrates was positively correlated with soil moisture and negatively correlated with percent conifer cover. Invertebrate diversity varied among habitat types, with conifer forests (spruce, fir, pine) having the highest diversity and regenerating conifer-grass forests having the lowest diversity, suggesting that successional stages affect diversity. The most productive sites, upland and lowland hardwood habitats, had the highest abundance of soil invertebrates, although intermediate diversity compared to the other five habitats. The results are consistent with the view that diversity increases and then decreases with productivity and disturbance over succession (ca. 50-100 yr). Hence, maintenance of soil invertebrate diversity in managed boreal forests requires the provision of a varied landscape with a mosaic of disturbance regimes.

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“…The preparation techniques for scanning electron microscope (SEM) used here were mainly those used by Eisenbeis and Wichard (1987). Adult female specimens of P. tritici and P. cynodontis were fixed in 2% gluteraldehyde, post-fixed in osmium tetroxide and then rinsed and taken through a series of alcohols of increasing concentration and finally critical-point dried before mounting on SEM stubs, using double-sided sticky tape.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scanning electron microscope observations on the multilocular disc-pores and dermal projections of adult female Porphyrophora tritici and P. cynodonti

Vahedi

Mahfar

2017

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The morphology of the multilocular disc-pores from the anterior part of the body (abdominal segments I-III and all thoracic segments, dorso-venterally) of two species of Porphyrophora (P. tritici and P. cynodontis: Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Margarodidae) were examined using a scanning electron microscope. The multilocular disc-pores of both species have 1 or 2 (rarely 3) rings of evenly or unevenly distributed loculi but the more central rings are almost always incomplete. Each outer ring of the more anterior disc-pores of P. tritici was complete, with 5-13 loculi, and the inner ring had 0-4 unevenly distributed loculi. Each disc-pore of P. cynodontis had a complete outer ring of 6-9 evenly distributed loculi and an inner ring with only 0-1 loculi. A bright central zone is absent in most cases. These two species are similar in that both have a dense network of small, globular projections throughout the derm surface. These observations are discussed in relation to those of light microscope studies.

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Atlas on the Biology of Soil Arthropods

Cited by 122 publications

References 0 publications

The multi-layered protective cuticle of Collembola: a chemical analysis

The multi-layered protective cuticle of Collembola: a chemical analysis

Invertebrate Diversity under Artificial Cover in Relation to Boreal Forest Habitat Characteristics

Scanning electron microscope observations on the multilocular disc-pores and dermal projections of adult female Porphyrophora tritici and P. cynodonti

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