Atmosphere, Weather and Climate

Barry, Roger G.; Chorley, Richard J.

doi:10.4324/9780203016206

Cited by 120 publications

(116 citation statements)

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“…13). Since disturbances of the mid-latitude jet stream propagate from west to east on average, this relationship of surface winds with the upstream state of the atmosphere aloft is not surprising (Barry and Chorley 1977). At Fort Nelson in DJF, the predictability of A is much improved by using remote predictors: the CV R 2 = 0.59 compared to only 0.10 using predictors at the closest grid point.…”

Section: Downscaling Of Surface Wind Variations Using Non-local Predimentioning

confidence: 92%

“…One can now ask: how much of the variance in W at a given station is due to predictor behaviour at some distance from the station? This is a reasonable question since it is known, e.g., that pressure extrema at the surface are displaced horizontally from those aloft due to the vertical gradient of temperature (Barry and Chorley 1977). Also, since predictive information may be carried in largescale structures of variability, focusing on these may filter out local ''noise'' that degrades prediction skill.…”

Section: Downscaling Of Surface Wind Variations Using Non-local Predimentioning

confidence: 98%

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Statistical downscaling of historical monthly mean winds over a coastal region of complex terrain. I. Predicting wind speed

2011

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Surface wind speed is a key climatic variable of interest in many applications, including assessments of storm-related infrastructure damage and feasibility studies of wind power generation. In this work and a companion paper (van der Kamp et al. 2011), the relationship between local surface wind and large-scale climate variables was studied using multiple regression analysis. The analysis was performed using monthly mean station data from British Columbia, Canada and large-scale climate variables (predictors) from the NCEP-2 reanalysis over the period 1979-2006. Two regression-based methodologies were compared. The first relates the annual cycle of station wind speed to that of the large-scale predictors at the closest grid box to the station. It is shown that the relatively high correlation coefficients obtained with this method are attributable to the dominant influence of region-wide seasonality, and thus contain minimal information about local wind behaviour at the stations. The second method uses interannually varying data for individual months, aggregated into seasons, and is demonstrated to contain intrinsically local information about the surface winds. The dependence of local wind speed upon large-scale predictors over a much larger region surrounding the station was also explored, resulting in 2D maps of spatial correlations. The cross-validated explained variance using the interannual method was highest in autumn and winter, ranging from 30 to 70% at about a dozen stations in the region. Reasons for the limited predictive skill of the regressions and directions for future progress are reviewed.

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Section: Downscaling Of Surface Wind Variations Using Non-local Predimentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Downscaling Of Surface Wind Variations Using Non-local Predimentioning

confidence: 98%

Statistical downscaling of historical monthly mean winds over a coastal region of complex terrain. I. Predicting wind speed

2011

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“…Large-scale regional uplifts, such as in Tibet and the western US, also alter the earth's global climate by changing the radiation balance. Mountain ranges produce mostly local and regional effects, such as the intensification of rainfall on the windward side of the range and the rain-shadow effect on the leeward side (Barry 1981;Barry and Chorley 1982). These local effects are part of human experience, observed, if not understood, by everyone who lives in mountainous regions.…”

Section: Continental Driftmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Late Cenozoic uplift - climate change paradox

Hay

Söding

DeConto

et al. 2002

International Journal of Earth Sciences

117

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The geologic evidence for worldwide uplift of mountain ranges in the Neogene is ambiguous. Estimates of paleoelevation vary, according to whether they are based on the characteristics of fossil floras, on the masses and grain sizes of eroded sediments, or on calculations of increased thickness of the lithosphere as a result of faulting. Detrital erosion rates can be increased both by increased relief in the drainage basin and by a change to more seasonal rainfall patterns. The geologic record provides no clear answer to the question whether uplift caused the climatic deterioration of the Neogene or whether the changing climate affected the erosion system in such a way as to create an illusion of uplift. We suggest that the spread of C 4 plants in the Late Miocene may have altered both the erosion and climate systems. These changes are responsible for the apparent contradictions between data supporting uplift and those supporting high elevations in the past. A brief historical perspectiveLyell (1830) was impressed by the marked contrast between the conditions required for deposition of the Carboniferous coals as opposed to the present climate. Convinced that the climate of the British Isles had been different in the past, he proposed that the change reflected differences in the global latitudinal distribution of land and sea, arguing that with more extensive land areas in the polar regions, the earth would become cooler, and conversely, with more land in the equatorial regions, the earth would be warmer.

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“…Similarly, the elevation range (Alt) can be interpreted as a variable closely related to spatial heterogeneity (Allouche et al 2012), which increases the availability of benthic niches and facilitates trophic relations. On the other hand, the incident solar energy (Sat) and the primary production are, both, a function of latitude (Field et al 1998;Barry and Chorley 2003). These latitudinal variations, in turn, may affect the availability of nutrients and make thermoregulation difficult at northern sites (Willig et al 2003;Condamine et al 2012;Brown 2014), so it would be reasonable to consider that the gradual increase in available energy and the stability of food resources from the poles to the equator could be important factors for controlling and increasing the freshwater gastropod richness.…”

Section: Species Richness and Endemics Differs Widely Across Bioclimamentioning

confidence: 99%

Latitudinal gradients of freshwater gastropods from the Western Palearctic

Pérez-Quintero

2015

Aquat Sci

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We analysed changes in species richness and endemics of freshwater gastropods along the Western Palearctic, within the following boundaries: 10°W-30°E, 32°N-71°N. The aims of this study were to test: (1) the consistency of latitudinal distribution of Western Palearctic freshwater gastropods; and (2) the relationships between freshwater gastropods and environmental factors. Analyses were based on presence/absence data of 911 freshwater gastropod species in 474 sites, located along three bioclimas (boreal, Mediterranean and temperate) and four Köp-pen-Geiger climatic regions (arid, cold, polar and alpine, and temperate). Five environmental variables were used to assess their influence on the distribution of freshwater gastropods. Relationships between variables were studied using parametric, non-parametric and multivariate statistics, and general regression models. Species number per degree of latitude followed a hump-shaped curve, increasing to 41°N-43°N and, from there, decreasing to reach minimum values in boreal areas. Relationships between species richness and endemics with current and past environmental variables were likewise discussed.

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Atmosphere, Weather and Climate

Cited by 120 publications

References 0 publications

Statistical downscaling of historical monthly mean winds over a coastal region of complex terrain. I. Predicting wind speed

Statistical downscaling of historical monthly mean winds over a coastal region of complex terrain. I. Predicting wind speed

The Late Cenozoic uplift - climate change paradox

Latitudinal gradients of freshwater gastropods from the Western Palearctic

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