Atmospheric [14C]CO2 variations in Japan during 1982–1999 based on 14C measurements of rice grains

Shibata, Setsuko; Kawano, Eiko; Nakabayashi, Takeshige

doi:10.1016/j.apradiso.2005.03.011

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…A number of studies have shown that plant material records the broad spatial patterns of 14 CO 2 in the modern atmosphere, using corn leaves (Hsueh et al, 2007;Riley et al, 2008), wine ethanol (Palstra et al, 2008), and rice grains (Shibata et al, 2005). Several of these studies compared the observations with model predictions, and achieved reasonable agreement at the continental and regional scales, mostly reflecting the spatial pattern of CO 2 ff emissions.…”

Section: Grass Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric measurement of point source fossil CO2 emissions

et al. 2014

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Abstract. We use the Kapuni Gas Treatment Plant to examine methodologies for atmospheric monitoring of point source fossil fuel CO 2 (CO 2 ff) emissions. The Kapuni plant, located in rural New Zealand, removes CO 2 from locally extracted natural gas and vents that CO 2 to the atmosphere, at a rate of ∼ 0.1 Tg carbon per year. The plant is located in a rural dairy farming area, with no other significant CO 2 ff sources nearby, but large, diurnally varying, biospheric CO 2 fluxes from the surrounding highly productive agricultural grassland. We made flask measurements of CO 2 and 14 CO 2 (from which we derive the CO 2 ff component) and in situ measurements of CO 2 downwind of the Kapuni plant, using a Helikite to sample transects across the emission plume from the surface up to 100 m above ground level. We also determined the surface CO 2 ff content averaged over several weeks from the 14 C content of grass samples collected from the surrounding area. We use the WindTrax plume dispersion model to compare the atmospheric observations with the emissions reported by the Kapuni plant, and to determine how well atmospheric measurements can constrain the emissions. The model has difficulty accurately capturing the fluctuations and short-term variability in the Helikite samples, but does quite well in representing the observed CO 2 ff in 15 min averaged surface flask samples and in ∼ one week integrated CO 2 ff averages from grass samples. In this pilot study, we found that using grass samples, the modeled and observed CO 2 ff emissions averaged over one week agreed to within 30 %. The results imply that greater verification accuracy may be achieved by including more detailed meteorological observations and refining 14 C sampling strategies.

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Section: Grass Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric measurement of point source fossil CO2 emissions

et al. 2014

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“…Since setting up and maintaining an air measurement site is labor and cost intensive, we have started the analysis of 14 C in wine ethanol of different European regions to supplement the monitoring network in Europe in an easy and relatively cheap way. Several studies already showed that 14 C in (annual) plant materials like corn leaves [ Hsueh et al , 2007], rice [ Shibata et al , 2005], grape wine ethanol [ Burchuladze et al , 1989], grass [ Quarta et al , 2005], tree leaves [ Levin et al , 1980] and tree rings [ Tans et al , 1979; Levin and Kromer , 1997], sampled by the plant during the photosynthesis process and until it was harvested, is a reliable tracer of atmospheric 14 CO 2 concentrations of the respective growing period. Although the use of 14 C from plant material as a proxy for atmospheric 14 CO 2 is not ideal (as we discuss in section 4 of this paper) and each plant material has its own advantages and disadvantages, we choose wine ethanol as sample material because, (1) wines are easy to obtain (in a local wine store or supermarket), (2) the wine grapes grow at many different locations in Europe, (3) contrary to air samples and most annual plant materials, previous sampling years can still be measured: trends in atmospheric 14 CO 2 and in the regional CO 2 ‐ff excess (if 14 CO 2 data of a background site are available) can be monitored back in time and (4) we already had an archive of 128 14 C‐measured wine ethanol samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wine ethanol ¹⁴C as a tracer for fossil fuel CO₂ emissions in Europe: Measurements and model comparison

Palstra¹,

Karstens²,

Streurman³

et al. 2008

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] 14 C (radiocarbon) in atmospheric CO 2 is the most direct tracer for the presence of fossil-fuel-derived CO 2 (CO 2 -ff). We demonstrate the 14 C measurement of wine ethanol as a way to determine the relative regional atmospheric CO 2 -ff concentration compared to a background site (''regional CO 2 -ff excess'') for specific harvest years. The carbon in wine ethanol is directly back traceable to the atmospheric CO 2 that the plants assimilate. An important advantage of using wine is that the atmosphere can be monitored annually back in time. We have analyzed a total of 165 wines, mainly from harvest years 1990-1993 and 2003-2004, among , however, which can be used as a measure for the variability in atmospheric mixing and transport processes, show good agreement with those of the observations all over Europe. Correcting for interannual variations using modeled data produces a regional CO 2 -ff excess signal that is potentially useful for the verification of trends in regional fossil fuel consumption. In this fashion, analyzing 14 C from wine ethanol offers the possibility to observe fossil fuel emissions back in time on many places in Europe and elsewhere.

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“…Compared to these, at the other end of the time spectrum is the use of plants to sample 14 C / C ratios in the atmosphere through their photosynthetic fixation of atmospheric CO 2 . Depending on the species these integrate over sampling windows of a full growing season (annual crops, fruits -Shibata et al, 2005;Hsueh et al, 2007;Palstra et al, 2008;Riley et al, 2008;Wang et al, 2013) or longer (trees, tree-rings -Suess, 1955;Stuiver and Quay, 1981;Wang et al, 2012). …”

Section: Bozhinova Et Al: Modeling 14 Co 2 For Western Europementioning

confidence: 99%

Simulating the integrated summertime Δ14CO2 signature from anthropogenic emissions over Western Europe

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Radiocarbon dioxide ( 14 CO 2 , reported in 14 CO 2 ) can be used to determine the fossil fuel CO 2 addition to the atmosphere, since fossil fuel CO 2 no longer contains any 14 C. After the release of CO 2 at the source, atmospheric transport causes dilution of strong local signals into the background and detectable gradients of 14 CO 2 only remain in areas with high fossil fuel emissions. This fossil fuel signal can moreover be partially masked by the enriching effect that anthropogenic emissions of 14 CO 2 from the nuclear industry have on the atmospheric 14 CO 2 signature. In this paper, we investigate the regional gradients in 14 CO 2 over the European continent and quantify the effect of the emissions from nuclear industry. We simulate the emissions and transport of fossil fuel CO 2 and nuclear 14 CO 2 for Western Europe using the Weather Research and Forecast model (WRF-Chem) for a period covering 6 summer months in 2008. We evaluate the expected CO 2 gradients and the resulting 14 CO 2 in simulated integrated air samples over this period, as well as in simulated plant samples.We find that the average gradients of fossil fuel CO 2 in the lower 1200 m of the atmosphere are close to 15 ppm at a 12 km × 12 km horizontal resolution. The nuclear influence on 14 CO 2 signatures varies considerably over the domain and for large areas in France and the UK it can range from 20 to more than 500 % of the influence of fossil fuel emissions. Our simulations suggest that the resulting gradients in 14 CO 2 are well captured in plant samples, but due to their time-varying uptake of CO 2 , their signature can be different with over 3 ‰ from the atmospheric samples in some regions. We conclude that the framework presented will be well-suited for the interpretation of actual air and plant 14 CO 2 samples.

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Atmospheric [14C]CO2 variations in Japan during 1982–1999 based on 14C measurements of rice grains

Cited by 15 publications

References 18 publications

Atmospheric measurement of point source fossil CO<sub>2</sub> emissions

Atmospheric measurement of point source fossil CO<sub>2</sub> emissions

Wine ethanol ¹⁴C as a tracer for fossil fuel CO₂ emissions in Europe: Measurements and model comparison

Simulating the integrated summertime Δ<sup>14</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> signature from anthropogenic emissions over Western Europe

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Atmospheric [14C]CO2 variations in Japan during 1982–1999 based on 14C measurements of rice grains

Cited by 15 publications

References 18 publications

Atmospheric measurement of point source fossil CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emissions

Atmospheric measurement of point source fossil CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emissions

Wine ethanol 14C as a tracer for fossil fuel CO2 emissions in Europe: Measurements and model comparison

Simulating the integrated summertime Δ&lt;sup&gt;14&lt;/sup&gt;CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; signature from anthropogenic emissions over Western Europe

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Atmospheric measurement of point source fossil CO<sub>2</sub> emissions

Atmospheric measurement of point source fossil CO<sub>2</sub> emissions

Wine ethanol ¹⁴C as a tracer for fossil fuel CO₂ emissions in Europe: Measurements and model comparison

Simulating the integrated summertime Δ<sup>14</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> signature from anthropogenic emissions over Western Europe