Atmospheric aerosol monitoring as a strategy for the preventive conservation of urban monumental heritage: The Florence Baptistery

Ghedini, Nadia; Ozga, Izabela; Bonazza, Alessandra; Dilillo, M.; Cachier, H.; Sabbioni, C.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.08.001

Cited by 48 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…It was found that the model failed to generate several peaks of indoor particle concentration. Although, the indoor concentration of coarse particles at the size interval 3-20 µm was negligible in all three seasons, it was assumed that this [7][8][9]26,49]. Thus, in order to determine appropriate values of k and P for coarse particles, the indoor concentration was compared in parallel with the outdoor.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling of the aerosol infiltration characteristics in a cultural heritage building: The Baroque Library Hall in Prague

Chatoutsidou

Mašková

Ondráčková

et al. 2015

Building and Environment

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Please cite this article as: Chatoutsidou SE, Mašková L, Ondráčková L, Ondráček J, Lazaridis M, Smolík J, Modeling of the aerosol infiltration characteristics in a cultural heritage building: The Baroque Library Hall in Prague, Building and Environment (2015), doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2015 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. A dynamic mass balance model was introduced taking account particle penetration from outdoors and indoor losses (deposition, ventilation). The model was used to determine deposition rate k and penetration efficiency P in 13 discrete size intervals. Model performance was evaluated using the coefficient of determination (R 2 ) by selecting different pairs of k and P. No unique solution found, thus, averaged values of k and P from the best correlated pairs were used to estimate infiltration factor. Good agreement between infiltration factor and I/O ratio confirmed that modeled k and P were well-estimated. The deposition rate was found to depend strongly on particle size with higher rates for ultrafine and coarse particles. Penetration efficiency, on the other hand, was not clearly related with particle size. The infiltration factor varied substantially with particle size with less effective removal for accumulation fraction (0.1-0.7 µm). Higher infiltration factor for ultrafine particles, compared to coarse particles, indicates that enrichment of the library at this size is caused by penetration from outdoors. On the other hand, human presence during visiting hours found to contribute significantly to coarse particles by increasing the indoor number concentration by a factor of 3, 3.2 and 2 during spring, summer and winter respectively.

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Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the characteristics of indoor PM in museums were also studied with regard to the outdoor environment [7,9,25,26]. These studies include buildings belonging to a complex or individuals, in suburban or urban areas, with natural or mechanical ventilation and different construction materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of the aerosol infiltration characteristics in a cultural heritage building: The Baroque Library Hall in Prague

Chatoutsidou

Mašková

Ondráčková

et al. 2015

Building and Environment

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“…3). By comparing the mean value of the PM 1 daily concentrations registered in Viggiano with those reported in other studies, it can be observed that it is generally lower than those found at other sites (Cusack et al, 2013;Onat et al, 2013;Perrone et al, 2014;Theodosi et al, 2011;Caggiano et al, 2010;Pérez et al, 2008a, b;Marenco et al, 2006;Gomišček et al, 2004) and, in particular, it is lower than the PM 1 concentration mean value (11.0±5.1 µg m −3 ) measured close to the COVA plant from July to November 2011 (Trippetta et al, 2013). Regarding the latter, this could be due to the combination of two factors: the geographical position of Viggiano with respect to the COVA plant, and the wind features of the area.…”

Section: Meteorologymentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Atmospheric aerosols affect the natural energy balance of the Earth mainly by reflecting/absorbing solar radiation and by influencing the reflective and absorbing properties of clouds (Boucher et al, 2013;Kaufman and Koren, 2006;Yu et al, 2006). Moreover, they can have an impact on visibility (Deng et al, 2008;Chang et al, 2009), agricultural and natural ecosystems (Grantz et al, 2003), and material and cultural heritages (Ghedini et al, 2011), and can pose a risk to human health because of their adverse effects on both the respiratory and cardiovascular systems (Pope and Dockery, 2006). All these impacts are related both to particle dimension and concentrations and to their chemical composition, which includes trace elements, inorganic ions and carbonaceous species (Almeida et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PM<sub>1</sub> measurements at a site close to an oil/gas pre-treatment plant (Agri Valley – southern Italy): a preliminary study

Trippetta

Caggiano

Sabia

2014

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract.A PM 1 (i.e. particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 1.0 µm) short-term monitoring campaign was carried out in the Agri Valley (southern Italy) in September 2012. This area is of international concern, since it houses one of the largest European on-shore reservoirs and the largest oil/gas pre-treatment plant (i.e. the Centro Olio Val d'Agri -COVA) within an anthropised context. PM 1 measurements were performed in Viggiano, the nearest town to the COVA plant and one of the most populated towns of the Agri Valley. During the study period, the PM 1 daily concentrations ranged from 1.2 to 8.4 µg m −3 , with a mean value of 4.6 µg m −3 . Regarding the PM 1 chemical composition, it can be observed that S and typical crustal elements were the most abundant constituents of the PM 1 collected. By applying principal component analysis (PCA), it was pointed out that crustal soil, biomass and wood burning, secondary atmospheric reactions involving COVA plant emissions and local soil particles, and traffic were the main sources contributing to the PM 1 measured in the area under study. Moreover, a possible contribution of the long-range transport of African dust was observed.

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“…The decay of outdoor-exposed stone materials may heavily depend on factors related to climate and pollution (Sabbioni, 1995;Bonazza et al, 2009;Ghedini et al, 2011;Urosevic et al, 2012). In this respect, the strong correlation between climate and materials weathering has been recently highlighted with the concept of "heritage climatology" (Brimblecombe, 2010;Grossi et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Measurements of Particulate Matter Deliquescence and Crystallization Relative Humidity: Application in Heritage Climatology

Casati

Rovelli

Perrone

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Climate and pollution can lead to materials weathering. In this study, an innovative method is employed to evaluate the hazard for heritage stone substrates induced by the synergic effect of particulate matter (PM) and climate. In this respect, two hazard indicators for stone materials were determined: the time of wetness and the number of dissolution and crystallization cycles. The two indicators were computed by coupling experimental measurements of the PM deliquescence and crystallization relative humidity with climatic data. For the first time, these indicators were estimated based on the PM hygroscopic properties, considering its whole hysteresis loop and its consequent hydration level.The proposed method was applied to PM samples collected in the polluted Po Valley (Milan): the experimental measurements of both PM deliquescence and crystallization relative humidity were performed in an environmental-controlled chamber using an electrical conductivity method. The time of wetness and the number of dissolution and crystallization cycles were then calculated by coupling the PM deliquescence and crystallization relative humidity with climatic data of Milan over the last decade (2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013). Results point out that, depending on the seasons, different hazards were identified. In winter, high time of wetness (89 ± 11%) and low number of cycles (3 ± 3 cycles/month) were found. Conversely, summer was characterized by low time of wetness (20 ± 13%) and high number of cycles (11 ± 5 cycles/month). Interestingly, spring and fall resulted the most dangerous seasons for outdoor-exposed stones, since they presented both high time of wetness and number of cycles. Since the two indicators are calculated considering PM properties and climatic data, their values are site-specific, while the method used for their determination is of general application and it can be used for an efficient hazard assessment in a heritage climatology perspective.

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Atmospheric aerosol monitoring as a strategy for the preventive conservation of urban monumental heritage: The Florence Baptistery

Cited by 48 publications

References 21 publications

Modeling of the aerosol infiltration characteristics in a cultural heritage building: The Baroque Library Hall in Prague

Modeling of the aerosol infiltration characteristics in a cultural heritage building: The Baroque Library Hall in Prague

PM<sub>1</sub> measurements at a site close to an oil/gas pre-treatment plant (Agri Valley – southern Italy): a preliminary study

Experimental Measurements of Particulate Matter Deliquescence and Crystallization Relative Humidity: Application in Heritage Climatology

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Atmospheric aerosol monitoring as a strategy for the preventive conservation of urban monumental heritage: The Florence Baptistery

Cited by 48 publications

References 21 publications

Modeling of the aerosol infiltration characteristics in a cultural heritage building: The Baroque Library Hall in Prague

Modeling of the aerosol infiltration characteristics in a cultural heritage building: The Baroque Library Hall in Prague

PM&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; measurements at a site close to an oil/gas pre-treatment plant (Agri Valley – southern Italy): a preliminary study

Experimental Measurements of Particulate Matter Deliquescence and Crystallization Relative Humidity: Application in Heritage Climatology

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PM<sub>1</sub> measurements at a site close to an oil/gas pre-treatment plant (Agri Valley – southern Italy): a preliminary study