Atmospheric aerosols and inhalable particle number count during Diwali in Dehradun

Prabhu, Vignesh; Prakash, Jai; Soni, Ashish; Madhwal, Sandeep; Shridhar, Vijay

doi:10.1016/j.cacint.2019.100006

Cited by 18 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Indeed, such displays are arguably increasing in number and intensity: Indian researchers in particular have been at the forefront C of highlighting the polluting effects of extensive firework displays associated with religious festivals (e.g. Yerramsetti et al 2013;Ambade 2018;Prabhu et al 2019;Singh 2020;Ravindra et al 2022). A UK government report (Office for Product Safety & Standards 2021) indicated that 61% of people surveyed saw fireworks as enjoyable, and 44% saw fireworks as an important part of British culture and did not wish to see bans of displays.…”

Section: Suggestionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Not just a flash in the pan: short and long term impacts of fireworks on the environment

Bateman

Gilson

Bradshaw

2023

Pacific Conserv. Biol.

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Fireworks are used globally, mostly for recreational purposes, despite overwhelming evidence that they negatively affect wildlife, domestic animals, and the environment. Fireworks cause short-term noise and light disturbance, causing distress in domestic animals that may be managed before or after a fireworks event, but impacts to wildlife can be on a much larger scale. The annual timing of some large-scale fireworks events coincides with migratory or reproductive behaviour of wildlife, and thus may have adverse long-term population effects on them. Fireworks residues also contribute significantly to chemical pollution of soil, water, and air, which has implication for human as well as animal health. Modern technological alternatives to traditional fireworksboth 'eco-friendly' fireworks, and reusable drone and laser-based lightshowsprovide safer, 'greener' alternatives that also present a sustainable way forward for maintaining cultural traditions without perpetuating their adverse impacts.

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Section: Suggestionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Not just a flash in the pan: short and long term impacts of fireworks on the environment

Bateman

Gilson

Bradshaw

2023

Pacific Conserv. Biol.

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“…Additionally, a few studies have also observed that the emission of organic pollutants occurs during reworks (Jia et al 2020). Short-term exposure to pollutants such trace gases, particulate matter (PM), and various metals like Al, Mn, Ni, Cr, Fe and Cd may result from the reworks, posing substantial health concerns (Prabhu et al 2019;Singh et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate Oxidative Potential Associated with Fireworks Activity during Diwali at a site in the Indo-Gangetic Plain

Goyal

Verma

Kumari

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The dithiothreitol (DTT) assay was used to investigate the oxidative potential (OP) of atmospheric fine particles (PM2.5) to form reactive oxygen species (ROS) during Diwali festival firework activity at a site in the Indo-Gangetic Plain, India. During the study period, the 12-hour mean PM2.5 was reported to be 263 ±151 µg m-3, which was 4.4 times higher than the NAAQS standards. Increased levels of gaseous pollutants (NOx, SO2, CO and O3), as well as metal concentrations such as Ba, Pb, Cu, Fe, Mg, K, Al, and Mn, were also observed during fireworks displays. The increased PM2.5-NOx slope for fireworks, which included traffic emissions, revealed that fireworks played a significant role. The highest value of OP of PM was detected in the next morning of Diwali, with a volume-based DTT value of 1.4 nmol min-1 m-3 and a mass-based DTT value of 11.8 pmol min-1 μg-1, implying higher PM-related DTT activity due to fireworks. A positive association was found between redox-active metals like Cr, Cu, Ni, and V and DTT activity which could be due to the ability of these metals to catalyse ROS generation in ambient air. Ba and Se concentrations in the particulate matter, which are key components of firecrackers, were likewise highly linked to DTT activity. During the daytime, ozone levels were strongly correlated (r2 = 0.9) with OPv activity; this may be due to photochemical processes which may lead to the formation of tropospheric O3. Elements C, O, Al, Si, S, K, and Ba were found to be the most prevalent in elemental mappings, which suggests that fireworks may have contributed to their abundance. A comparison of the daily OPv activity and hazard index (HI) suggests that the HI may be a poor metric for measuring the health impacts of PM exposure on human health.

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“…Setting off reworks during celebrations such as Diwali in India (Prabhu et al 2019; Singh and Srivastava 2020), Chinese Spring Festival in China (Pang et al 2021), Independence day in USA (Jia et al 2020), Lantern festival in Taiwan (Lin et al 2014) Guy Fawkes in UK (Godri et al 2010) and New Year's celebrations in many countries (Retama et al 2019;Rindelaub et al 2021) causes short-term debilitation of air quality. Hazardous chemicals such as KNO 3 , C and S apart from an array of alloys of several metals like Sr, Ba, Na, Ti, Zr, Mg, Cu and Al are added to reworks to develop the colourful effects (Hickey et al 2020;Rindelaub et al 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hazardous chemicals such as KNO 3 , C and S apart from an array of alloys of several metals like Sr, Ba, Na, Ti, Zr, Mg, Cu and Al are added to reworks to develop the colourful effects (Hickey et al 2020;Rindelaub et al 2021). Short-term exposure to particulate matter (PM), gaseous pollutants e.g., NO x , SO 2 , CO and several metals like Al, Mn and Cd can result due to bursting of recrackers and could pose serious health risks (Prabhu et al 2019;Singh et al 2019). Several research have also revealed the emission of organic pollutants during reworks (Jia et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate Oxidative Potential (OP) Associated with Fireworks Activity during Diwali at a site in the Indo-Gangetic Plain

Lakhani

Goyal

Verma

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The potential of the atmospheric fine aerosols (PM2.5) to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) during firework activity in Diwali festival was assessed by the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay at a site in the Indo-Gangetic Plain, India. The 12-h mean PM2.5 was found to be 262.9 ±150.7 µg m-3 during the study period which was 4.4 times exceeded the NAAQS limits. Firework activity was also characterized by increased levels of gaseous pollutants (NOx, SO2, CO and O3), and trace metal concentrations like Ba, Pb, Cu, Fe, Mg, K, Al and Mn. Elevated PM2.5-NOx slope for fireworks including traffic emissions suggested significant contribution of fireworks. The highest value of PM ROS activity, volume-based DTT value was 1.37 nmol min-1 m-3 and mass-based DTT value was 11.77 pmol min-1 μg-1, found in the next morning of Diwali, suggesting stronger PM associated ROS activity due to fireworks. A positive association was found between redox-active metals like Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, and V and DTT activity that could be due to the ability of these metals to catalyze ROS generation in ambient air, while Ba, Be and Se in atmosphere as major constituents of firecrackers were also strongly associated with DTT activity. The ozone levels were strongly correlated (r2 = 0.87) with DTTv activity during daytime due to photochemical activities including chemical species associated with fireworks responsible for forming tropospheric O3. Comparison of the daily DTTv activity and hazard index (HI) suggests that the HI may be a poor metric to measure the health effects by which PM exposure can induce deterioration in human health.

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Atmospheric aerosols and inhalable particle number count during Diwali in Dehradun

Cited by 18 publications

References 32 publications

Not just a flash in the pan: short and long term impacts of fireworks on the environment

Not just a flash in the pan: short and long term impacts of fireworks on the environment

Particulate Oxidative Potential Associated with Fireworks Activity during Diwali at a site in the Indo-Gangetic Plain

Particulate Oxidative Potential (OP) Associated with Fireworks Activity during Diwali at a site in the Indo-Gangetic Plain

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