Atmospheric air oxidation of 9Cr-1Mo steel: Depth profiling of oxide layers using glow discharge optical emission spectrometry

Rao, Ch. Jagadeeswara; Ningshen, S.; Philip, John

doi:10.1016/j.sab.2020.105973

Cited by 17 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…33 Thus, the latter reflects the fact that the integration of the boron peak is directly proportional to the amount of boron incorporated into the diamond film. This methodology is also known as the "intensity to composition conversion factors (ICF) method", extensively used in glow discharge mass spectrometry (GDMS), 37,38 currently a topic of an ISO standard under preparation. However, the standard ICF method lacks in providing the depth profile information together with the compositional information, whereas its combination with DIP overcomes this limitation and makes it powerful in GD-OES.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in RF Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectrometry Characterization of Intrinsic and Boron-Doped Diamond Coatings

Sharma

Girão

Chapon

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Accurate determination of the effective doping range within diamond thin films is important for fine-tuning of electrical conductivity. Nevertheless, it is not easily attainable by the commonly adopted techniques. In this work, pulsed RF glow discharge optical emission spectrometry (GD-OES) combined with ultrafast sputtering (UFS) is applied for the first time to acquire elemental depth profiles of intrinsic diamond coatings and boron content bulk distribution in films. The GD-OES practical advances presented here enabled quick elemental profiling with noteworthy depth resolution and determination of the film interfaces. The erosion rates and layer thicknesses were measured using differential interferometric profiling (DIP), demonstrating a close correlation between the coating thickness and the carbon/hydrogen gas ratio. Moreover, DIP and the adopted semiquantification methodology revealed a nonhomogeneous bulk distribution of boron within the diamond crystalline structure, i.e., boron doping is both substitutional and interstitial within the diamond framework. DIP measurements also showed that effective boron doping is not linearly correlated to the increasing content introduced into the diamond coating. This is a finding well supported by X-ray diffraction (XRD) Rietveld refinement and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). This work demonstrates the advantage of applying advanced GD-OES operation modes due to its ease of use, affordability, accuracy, and high-speed depth profile analysis capability.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in RF Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectrometry Characterization of Intrinsic and Boron-Doped Diamond Coatings

Sharma

Girão

Chapon

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…Increasing both the temperature and the oxidation time will lead to a decrease in the height of block-shaped oxides, which will sometimes increase the adhesion of the oxide shells. Jagadeeswara Rao et al [36] studied atmospheric air oxidation of 9Cr-1Mo steel and found that as increasing the time of oxidation to 50 h increased the size of the oxide globules, yielding two different morphologies of platelet and globules.…”

Section: Surface Morphology Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of austenitic stainless steel cladding on the high-temperature oxidation resistance of Ferritic 2.25Cr-1Mo (Grade 22) steel using SMAW process

Jafarikhorami

2021

jcc

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“…Glow discharge (GD) source coupled with mass spectrometry or optical emission spectrometry provides an alternative technique for high resolution depth profile analysis of layered samples. [18][19][20] During the sputtering of the GD source, atoms are separated from the material surface layer by layer; moreover, the GD source is a very stable atomization and ionization source, and a flat crater can be obtained on the sample surface after sputtering, 7 which allows GD spectrometric techniques to efficiently determine depth profile analysis of the samples. Glow discharge mass spectrometry (GD-MS) is one of the most effective tools to directly analyze the elements of solid samples [22][23][24][25][26][27][28] and has been increasingly applied for the depth profile analysis of thick and thin layers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depth Profile Analysis of Molybdenum Disulfide Film by Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry

Wang

2021

At.Spectrosc.

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In this work, the depth profile analysis capability with direct current glow discharge mass spectrometry (dc-GD-MS) was evaluated by examining molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) films on Al and steel substrates. The optimized glow discharge conditions for obtaining an ideal flat crater and an efficient signal intensity were a discharge current of 1.0-1.5 mA and a discharge pressure of 4.7 mPa. The dc-GD-MS depth profile analysis provided depth resolutions of 0.55 μm for the MoS2/Al sample and 0.70 μm for the MoS2/Steel sample. The interface of 4.46 μm for MoS2/Al and 4.55 μm for MoS2/Steel determined by dc-GD-MS was close to the thicknesses of 4.85 μm and 5.45 μm, respectively, as measured by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). A high-carbon steel standard sample (NIST SRM 1264a) was used to validate the reliability and accuracy of the method. Relative errors of less than 12% were obtained compared with the certified concentration and the relative standard deviation (RSD, n = 20) of typical elements within 10%. The dc-GD-MS depth profile analysis provided an efficient and reliable approach for the depth analysis of the MoS2 film.

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Atmospheric air oxidation of 9Cr-1Mo steel: Depth profiling of oxide layers using glow discharge optical emission spectrometry

Cited by 17 publications

References 31 publications

Advances in RF Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectrometry Characterization of Intrinsic and Boron-Doped Diamond Coatings

Advances in RF Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectrometry Characterization of Intrinsic and Boron-Doped Diamond Coatings

Effect of austenitic stainless steel cladding on the high-temperature oxidation resistance of Ferritic 2.25Cr-1Mo (Grade 22) steel using SMAW process

Depth Profile Analysis of Molybdenum Disulfide Film by Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry

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