Atmospheric band fitting coefficients derived from a self-consistent rocket-borne experiment

Abstract

Abstract. Based on self-consistent rocket-borne measurements of temperature, the densities of atomic oxygen and neutral air, and the volume emission of the atmospheric band (762 nm), we examined the one-step and two-step excitation mechanism of O2b1Σg+ for nighttime conditions. Following McDade et al. (1986), we derived the empirical fitting coefficients, which parameterize the atmospheric band emission O2b1Σg+-X3Σg-0,0. This allows us to derive the atomic oxygen concentration from nighttime observations of atmospheric band emission O2b1Σg+-X3Σg-0,0. The derived empirical parameters can also be utilized for atmospheric band modeling. Additionally, we derived the fit function and corresponding coefficients for the combined (one- and two-step) mechanism. The simultaneous common volume measurements of all the parameters involved in the theoretical calculation of the observed O2b1Σg+-X3Σg-0,0 emission, i.e., temperature and density of the background air, atomic oxygen density, and volume emission rate, is the novelty and the advantage of this work.

Consistent Nighttime Atomic Oxygen Concentrations From O2A‐band, O(1S) Green‐Line, and OH Airglow Measurements as Performed by SCIAMACHY

“…Airglow measurements and laboratory experiments indicate that reaction produces only a small fraction of O 2 ( ) molecules directly. Instead, additional collisions with ground state O 2 or O (reaction ) produce most of the molecules in that state (Grygalashvyly et al, ; Kalogerakis, ; Pejaković et al, ). The production rate of O 2 ( ) can be expressed as (Kalogerakis, ) …”

“…The collisional rate constants used in the model are given in Table . Different Einstein coefficients of O 2 A‐band and O 2 ( ) have been used in the community (Grygalashvyly et al, ; Kalogerakis, ; Sheese, ) and the two Einstein coefficients are calculated based on the HITRAN spectroscopic database (Gordon et al, ) in this study.…”

“…The newly derived atomic oxygen data set almost overlaps with the other two data sets in the altitude regime of 83–103 km and agrees with these data sets to within 10%, as shown in Figure . A retrieval was performed using a new pair of empirical parameters C O and provided by Grygalashvyly et al () based on a self‐consistent rocket‐borne experiment conducted in 2015 and the new parameters increase retrieved atomic oxygen abundance by about 33% at around 87 km. After reanalyzing the ETON rocket measurements (Murtagh et al, ), Kalogerakis () gave an evidence for an additional nighttime O source stemming from the collision of O 2 and O( 1 D).…”

“…Monthly zonal mean atomic oxygen abundance at 20–40° N for September 2005 (left) and 2009 (right). Scia O 2 ‐A: [O] derived from SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY) O 2 A‐band measurements; Scia O 2 ‐A (K19): [O] derived from SCIAMACHY O 2 A‐band measurements using the photochemical model proposed by Kalogerakis (); Scia O 2 ‐A (G19): [O] derived from SCIAMACHY O 2 A‐band measurements using new fitting parameters provided by Grygalashvyly et al () based on a self‐consistent rocket‐borne experiment; Scia O( 1 S): [O] derived from SCIAMACHY green‐line measurements; Scia OH: [O] derived from SCIAMACHY OH(9‐6)‐band emission measurements; SABER OH (M18): the atomic oxygen abundance as retrieved from SABER OH 2.0‐μm radiances by Mlynczak et al (). The red shaded area represents error bars considering the uncertainties of rate constants and background atmosphere.…”

Boundary of Nighttime Ozone Chemical Equilibrium in the Mesopause Region From SABER Data: Implications for Derivation of Atomic Oxygen and Atomic Hydrogen

“…On the other hand, collisions between CO 2 and O enhance the radiative cooling of this region in the CO 2 15‐μm band (e.g., Rodgers et al, ). Furthermore, the direct measurements of ground state atomic oxygen are limited by rare local rocket experiments (e.g., Grygalashvyly et al, ). Atomic oxygen, however, produces O 3 and participates indirectly in the formation of airglows layers of O( 1 S) green line, OH( ν ) band, and O 2 A‐band emissions.…”