Atmospheric Behaviors of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in East Asia

Hayakawa, Kazuichi; Tang, Ning; Kameda, Takayuki; Toriba, Akira

doi:10.3123/jemsge.2014.016

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…These pollution levels were similar to those reported in the previous study. 28) These results indicate that air pollution with PAHs and NPAHs was very severe at Beijing in winter as compared with the two Japanese metropolises. The high values of the At each sampling site, the medians of the mutagenicities of TSP with and without S9 mix were larger in winter than in spring ( Table 3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Comparison of Air Pollution in Metropolises in China (Beijing) and Japan (Osaka and Nagoya) on the Basis of the Levels of Contaminants and Mutagenicity

Coulibaly

Minami

Abe

et al. 2016

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Public concern regarding the transport of air pollutants from mainland East Asia to the leeward area by the prevailing westerlies in spring and winter monsoon has been growing in recent years. We collected total suspended particle (TSP) in Beijing, a metropolis of China located windward of Japan, in spring (late February 2011-May 2011) and in winter (November 2012-early February 2013), then analyzed metals, ions, and organic compounds and mutagenicity, and compared the pollution levels with samples collected at two Japanese metropolises (Osaka and Nagoya) during the same periods. The medians of concentration of TSP and other factors in Beijing were much larger than those in the Japanese metropolises. Especially, the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were remarkably high in Beijing in winter, and the median of total PAHs concentration in Beijing was 62-63 times larger than that in the Japanese sites. The mutagenicity of TSP from Beijing toward Salmonella typhimurium YG1024, with and without a mammalian metabolic system (S9 mix), was 13-25 times higher than that from the Japanese sites in winter. These results suggest that air pollution levels in Beijing are very high compared with those at the two Japanese metropolises we evaluated. The diagnostic ratios of PAHs and nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) suggest that the major sources of PAHs and NPAHs in Beijing are different from those at the two Japanese sites in winter, and that the major source in Beijing is coal/biomass combustion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Comparison of Air Pollution in Metropolises in China (Beijing) and Japan (Osaka and Nagoya) on the Basis of the Levels of Contaminants and Mutagenicity

Coulibaly

Minami

Abe

et al. 2016

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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“…During winter, the EAWM can force Asian continental air masses to cross Mongolia, Russia, China, the Korean Peninsula and Japan to the North Pacific Ocean, which moves large numbers of contaminated air masses and dust particles [ 20 ]. In contrast, the concentration of atmospheric pollution is mainly influenced by local pollution and clean ocean air masses during the EASM [ 21 , 22 ]. In addition, the Free Port of Vladivostok has had a significant increase in cargo turnover, causing traffic emissions to play an important and exceptional role in air pollution over the last 20 years and to participate in the circulation system of air pollution in East Asia [ 23 , 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PM-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Nitro-Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Ambient Air of Vladivostok: Seasonal Variation, Sources, Health Risk Assessment and Long-Term Variability

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Total suspended particles (TSP) were collected in Vladivostok, Russia, which is a typical port city. This study investigated the concentration, potential sources, and long-term variation in particle PAHs and NPAHs in the atmosphere of Vladivostok. The PAH and NPAH concentrations were higher in winter than in summer (PAHs: winter: 18.6 ± 9.80 ng/m3 summer: 0.54 ± 0.21 ng/m3; NPAHs: winter: 143 ± 81.5 pg/m3 summer: 143 ± 81.5 pg/m3). The diagnostic ratios showed that PAHs and NPAHs mainly came from vehicle emissions in both seasons, while heating systems were the main source of air pollution in winter. The TEQ assessment values were 2.90 ng/m3 and 0.06 ng/m3 in winter and summer, respectively, suggesting a significant excess cancer risk in the general population in winter. The ILCR values conveyed a potential carcinogenic risk because the value was between 1 × 10−5 and 1 × 10−7 and ingestion was a main contributor in Vladivostok. However, it is worth noting that the concentrations of PAHs and NPAHs showed an overall downward trend from 1999 to 2020. An important reason for this is the cogenerations project implemented by the Far Eastern Center for Strategic Research on Fuel and Energy Complex Development in 2010. This research clarified the latest variations in PAHs and NPAHs to provide continuous observation data for future chemical reaction or model prediction research.

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“…For example, after PAHs are inhaled and transported to the whole human body, they will pose potential harm to vital organs such as the lungs, kidneys, and skin [14]. Additionally, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified some PAHs as carcinogenic to human beings (Groups 1, 2A, and 2B) [15]. PAHs principally originate from incomplete combustion processes, such as traffic emissions, industrial activities, and biomass burning [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristic Variation of Particulate Matter-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) during Asian Dust Events, Based on Observations at a Japanese Background Site, Wajima, from 2010 to 2021

Bai,

Wang,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Atmosphere

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Asian dust (AD) events and total suspended particles (TSPs) were observed at the Kanazawa University Wajima Air Monitoring Station (KUWAMS), a Japanese background site, during the East Asian winter monsoon periods (from November to May of the following year) from 2010 to 2021. Nine kinds of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in each TSP sample. In this study, a total of 54 AD events were observed. According to the different pathways of long-range transportation, AD events were divided into AD-high events (transported at higher altitudes, approximately 4000 m) and AD-low events (transported at lower altitudes, approximately 2500 m). The TSP concentrations increased sharply in the AD events and were higher in the AD-high events (39.8 ± 19.5 μg/m3) than in the AD-low events (23.5 ± 10.5 μg/m3). AD did not have a significant effect on the ΣPAHs characteristic variation, as ΣPAHs (ΣPAHs = fluoranthene, pyrene, benz[a]anthracene, chrysene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[ghi]perylene, and indeno [1,2,3-cd]pyrene) concentrations in non-AD periods, AD-high events, and AD-low events were 543 ± 374, 404 ± 221, and 436 ± 265 pg/m3, respectively. The PAH compositions were also consistent. As a result, the TSP concentration was affected by the input air mass transported at higher altitudes from the desert region while the PAH concentration was impacted by the air mass at lower altitudes, which carried the PAHs emitted from fossil fuels and biomass combustion in northeastern China. Moreover, the health risks of PAHs were calculated with the inhalation lifetime cancer risk, which ranged from 10−6 to 10−5 ng/m3, indicating a potential carcinogenic risk at the KUWAMS during the East Asian winter monsoon periods.

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Atmospheric Behaviors of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in East Asia

Cited by 11 publications

References 40 publications

Comparison of Air Pollution in Metropolises in China (Beijing) and Japan (Osaka and Nagoya) on the Basis of the Levels of Contaminants and Mutagenicity

Comparison of Air Pollution in Metropolises in China (Beijing) and Japan (Osaka and Nagoya) on the Basis of the Levels of Contaminants and Mutagenicity

PM-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Nitro-Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Ambient Air of Vladivostok: Seasonal Variation, Sources, Health Risk Assessment and Long-Term Variability

Characteristic Variation of Particulate Matter-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) during Asian Dust Events, Based on Observations at a Japanese Background Site, Wajima, from 2010 to 2021

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