Atmospheric Black Carbon over the North Atlantic and the Russian Arctic Seas in Summer-Autumn Time

doi:10.15372/khur20160402

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…To explore the emission source areas and historical BC deposition in the study area, the atmospheric transport model FLEXPART (Flexible Particle Dispersion Model) − was used for the period 1900–1999. The model was driven with the coupled climate reanalysis for the 20th century produced at the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), used here at a resolution of 2° × 2° and 91 vertical levels and every 6 h. FLEXPART is widely used for establishing source–receptor relationships and has been shown to capture well BC transport to the Arctic, ,− in addition to Arctic atmospheric BC concentrations and their seasonality. ,, Model uncertainties are discussed in Supporting Information S.10.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observed and Modeled Black Carbon Deposition and Sources in the Western Russian Arctic 1800–2014

Ruppel

Eckhardt

Pesonen

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Black carbon (BC) particles contribute to climate warming by heating the atmosphere and reducing the albedo of snow/ice surfaces. The available Arctic BC deposition records are restricted to the Atlantic and North American sectors, for which previous studies suggest considerable spatial differences in trends. Here, we present first long-term BC deposition and radiocarbon-based source apportionment data from Russia using four lake sediment records from western Arctic Russia, a region influenced by BC emissions from oil and gas production. The records consistently indicate increasing BC fluxes between 1800 and 2014. The radiocarbon analyses suggest mainly (∼70%) biomass sources for BC with fossil fuel contributions peaking around 1960–1990. Backward calculations with the atmospheric transport model FLEXPART show emission source areas and indicate that modeled BC deposition between 1900 and 1999 is largely driven by emission trends. Comparison of observed and modeled data suggests the need to update anthropogenic BC emission inventories for Russia, as these seem to underestimate Russian BC emissions and since 1980s potentially inaccurately portray their trend. Additionally, the observations may indicate underestimation of wildfire emissions in inventories. Reliable information on BC deposition trends and sources is essential for design of efficient and effective policies to limit climate warming.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observed and Modeled Black Carbon Deposition and Sources in the Western Russian Arctic 1800–2014

Ruppel

Eckhardt

Pesonen

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Over the Kara Sea, the authors of the work noted the increase in the black carbon concentration by more than 100 ng/m 3 due to episodes with outflow of smoke from forest fires and associated gas combustion products from north of Siberia. Approximately the same data were obtained during an expedition in 2015 [20]: from the Barents toward Laptev Sea, the black carbon concentrations varied from 10 to 116 ng/m 3 , the average being 34 ng/m 3 . The authors of work [22] noted strong variations in the black carbon content over the Kara Sea and in the south of the Barents Sea: together with background concentrations (less than 30 ng/m 3 ), over the two-week period they recorded a few extreme concentrations (up to 160 and 360 ng/m 3 ), caused by outflows of pollutants from the direction of oil and gas production regions.…”

Section: Average Spatial Distribution Of Aerosol Optical and Microphymentioning

confidence: 55%

“…The results obtained serve as a basis for determining seasonal variations in aerosol characteristics, sources of aerosol emissions and long-range transport pathways, absorbing properties, and radiation effects [11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. In addition to observations at polar stations, expedition measurements of aerosol characteristics are carried out every year in different regions of the Arctic Ocean and North Atlantic [17][18][19][20][21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Distribution of Atmospheric Aerosol Physicochemical Characteristics in the Russian Sector of the Arctic Ocean

et al. 2020

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The results from studies of aerosol in the Arctic atmosphere are presented: the aerosol optical depth (AOD), the concentrations of aerosol and black carbon, as well as the chemical composition of the aerosol. The average aerosol characteristics, measured during nine expeditions (2007–2018) in the Eurasian sector of the Arctic Ocean, had been 0.068 for AOD (0.5 µm); 2.95 cm−3 for particle number concentrations; 32.1 ng/m3 for black carbon mass concentrations. Approximately two–fold decrease of the average characteristics in the eastern direction (from the Barents Sea to Chukchi Sea) is revealed in aerosol spatial distribution. The average aerosol characteristics over the Barents Sea decrease in the northern direction: black carbon concentrations by a factor of 1.5; particle concentrations by a factor of 3.7. These features of the spatial distribution are caused mainly by changes in the content of fine aerosol, namely: by outflows of smokes from forest fires and anthropogenic aerosol. We considered separately the measurements of aerosol characteristics during two expeditions in 2019: in the north of the Barents Sea (April) and along the Northern Sea Route (July–September). In the second expedition the average aerosol characteristics turned out to be larger than multiyear values: AOD reached 0.36, particle concentration up to 8.6 cm−3, and black carbon concentration up to 179 ng/m3. The increased aerosol content was affected by frequent outflows of smoke from forest fires. The main (99%) contribution to the elemental composition of aerosol in the study regions was due to Ca, K, Fe, Zn, Br, Ni, Cu, Mn, and Sr. The spatial distribution of the chemical composition of aerosols was analogous to that of microphysical characteristics. The lowest concentrations of organic and elemental carbon (OC, EC) and of most elements are observed in April in the north of the Barents Sea, and the maximal concentrations in Far East seas and in the south of the Barents Sea. The average contents of carbon in aerosol over seas of the Asian sector of the Arctic Ocean are OC = 629 ng/m3, EC = 47 ng/m3.

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“…For this reason, we compared posterior BC concentrations with observations from the ACCACIA (Aerosol-Cloud Coupling and Climate Interactions in the Arctic) flight campaign, which was conducted near Zeppelin station, Ny-Ålesund, for 3 days in March 2013 (Sinha et al, 2017). This campaign was chosen because it was conducted during 1 year for which inversion results are available (2013).…”

Section: Validation Of the Posterior Emissions Of Bcmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Comparison of prior (ECLIPSEv5, ACCMIPv5, EDGAR HTAPv2.2 and MACCity) and posterior simulated concentrations of BC with observations from the ACCACIA flight campaign near Zeppelin station, Ny-Ålesund, in 2013, adopted fromSinha et al (2017).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Top-down estimates of black carbon emissions at high latitudes using an atmospheric transport model and a Bayesian inversion framework

et al. 2018

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Abstract. This paper presents the results of BC inversions at high northern latitudes (> 50° N) for the 2013–2015 period. A sensitivity analysis was performed to select the best representative species for BC and the best a priori emission dataset. The same model ensemble was used to assess the uncertainty of the a posteriori emissions of BC due to scavenging and removal and due to the use of different a priori emission inventory. A posteriori concentrations of BC simulated over Arctic regions were compared with independent observations from flight and ship campaigns showing, in all cases, smaller bias, which in turn witnesses the success of the inversion. The annual a posteriori emissions of BC at latitudes above 50° N were estimated as 560±171 kt yr−1, significantly smaller than in ECLIPSEv5 (745 kt yr−1), which was used and the a priori information in the inversions of BC. The average relative uncertainty of the inversions was estimated to be 30 %.A posteriori emissions of BC in North America are driven by anthropogenic sources, while biomass burning appeared to be less significant as it is also confirmed by satellite products. In northern Europe, a posteriori emissions were estimated to be half compared to the a priori ones, with the highest releases to be in megacities and due to biomass burning in eastern Europe. The largest emissions of BC in Siberia were calculated along the transect between Yekaterinsburg and Chelyabinsk. The optimised emissions of BC were high close to the gas flaring regions in Russia and in western Canada (Alberta), where numerous power and oil and gas production industries operate. Flaring emissions in Nenets–Komi oblast (Russia) were estimated to be much lower than in the a priori emissions, while in Khanty-Mansiysk (Russia) they remained the same after the inversions of BC. Increased emissions at the borders between Russia and Mongolia are probably due to biomass burning in villages along the Trans-Siberian Railway. The maximum BC emissions in high northern latitudes (> 50° N) were calculated for summer months due to biomass burning and they are controlled by seasonal variations in Europe and Asia, while North America showed a much smaller variability.

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Atmospheric Black Carbon over the North Atlantic and the Russian Arctic Seas in Summer-Autumn Time

Abstract: Õèìèÿ â èíòåðåñàõ óñòîé÷èâîãî ðàçâèòèÿ 24 (2016) 441446 441

Cited by 12 publications

References 10 publications

Observed and Modeled Black Carbon Deposition and Sources in the Western Russian Arctic 1800–2014

Observed and Modeled Black Carbon Deposition and Sources in the Western Russian Arctic 1800–2014

Spatial Distribution of Atmospheric Aerosol Physicochemical Characteristics in the Russian Sector of the Arctic Ocean

Top-down estimates of black carbon emissions at high latitudes using an atmospheric transport model and a Bayesian inversion framework

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