Atmospheric BTX and polyaromatic hydrocarbons in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Fernandes, Milena; Brickus, Leila S.R.; Moreira, Josino Costa; Cardoso, Jarí N.

doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(01)00319-8

Cited by 61 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 49 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…This fact confirms the results found for TSP. The ratio of PM 10 /TSP was greater than 0.5 for all points, highlighting the relevance of the PM 10 contribution to the TSP, that is, more than 50% correspond to PM 10 . In downtown Rio de Janeiro, average values within 57-100 µg m -3 PM 10 were detected, i.e., similar to the average values found in Volta Redonda (44-78 µg m -3 ).…”

Section: Inhalable Particles (Pm 10 )mentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Depending on gasoline composition T/B from 2 to 3 indicates traffic as a main source of pollution, while values less than 0.5 correspond predominantly to industrial sources. 10 Average ratio in the first evaluation (Dec/95-May/96) was: 0.4 (FEEMA), 1.1 (Belmonte), 0.3 (Retiro), 0.4 (Aeroclube) and 0.3 (Centro de Pesquisass). In the second evaluation (April-May/99) FEEMA presented a ratio T/B of 0.22 and Retiro one of 0.14.…”

Section: Metalsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Reported average concentrations of benzene has been for South America cities 5-24 µg m -3 , Europe, North America and Oceania, < 5 µg m -3 and Asia, 7-31 µg m -3 (except Calcuta 28,555 µg m -3 ). 10,29 Benzene levels in Volta Redonda, in the first evaluation (Dec/95-May/96), were among the highest in cities. In the 19 standards, average values for toluene and xylenes did not exceed the limit suggested in both campaigns (Table 1).…”

Section: Metalsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Zinc concentration ranged from 2.5 to 7.0 µg m -3 in TSP and 0.006 to 4.3 µg m -3 in PM 10 , corresponding to 3-5% and 5-10% of metal concentration, respectively. Iron concentration ranged from 2.1 to 5.2 µg m -3 in TSP and 1.4 to 3.7 µg m -3 in PM 10 , representing 2-5% and 3-6% of metal concentration, respectively. Chromium and vanadium concentrations were below the detection limit.…”

Section: Inhalable Particles (Pm 10 )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although significant, few are the studies related to atmospheric pollution in Brazil. These researches, most related to the effects of traffic, have been basically carried out in large metropolis such as São Paulo, 5,6 Rio de Janeiro, [7][8][9][10][11] Porto Alegre, 12,13 Salvador 14 and in the Amazonian region. 15 There are few studies concerning industrial areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Evaluation of air quality in Volta Redonda, the main metallurgical industrial city in Brazil

Gioda

Sales

Cavalcanti

et al. 2004

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A maior indústria de aço do Brasil está situada na cidade de Volta Redonda, RJ. A produção de coque neste tipo de indústria é a maior fonte de emissão de compostos aromáticos. Com objetivo de implementar medidas de controle da poluição nas indústrias a FEEMA, agência ambiental do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, avaliou a qualidade do ar naquela cidade em Dec/95-Mai/96 e Abr-Mai/99. Na primeira campanha, material particulado total (MPT), benzeno, tolueno, xilenos (BTX) e dióxido de enxofre (SO 2 ) foram analisados e concentrações médias altas foram encontradas: 102 µg m -3 , 70 µg m -3 , 23 µg m -3 , 2,5 µg m -3 e 186 µg m -3 , respectivamente. Após medidas drásticas de controle, a segunda avaliação (Abr-Mai/99), apresentou valores menores: 102 µg m -3 (TSP); 62 µg m -3 (PM 10 ), 23 µg m -3 (B), 4 µg m -3 (T), 0,6 µg m -3 (X), 73 µg m -3 (SO 2 ) além de metais. Esses resultados, principalmente para benzeno, indicam que o programa de monitoramento deve continuar até atingir a solução final para o problema.The largest steel plant in Brazil is located in Volta Redonda city, RJ. Coke production in this kind of industry is the major emission source of aromatic compounds. Aiming the implementation of pollution control measures in industries, FEEMA, Rio de Janeiro State environmental agency, evaluated air quality in that city in Dec/95-May/96 and Apr-May/99. In the first campaign, total suspended particles (TSP), benzene, toluene, xylenes (BTX) and sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) were analyzed and high average concentrations were found 102 µg m -3 , 70 µg m -3 , 23 µg m -3 , 2.5 µg m -3 and 186 µg m -3 , respectively. Following drastic control measures, the second evaluation (Apr-May/99) showed values that dropped to 102 µg m -3 (TSP); 62 µg m -3 (PM 10 ), 23 µg m -3 (B), 4 µg m -3 (T), 0.6 µg m -3 (X), 73 µg m -3 (SO 2 ) besides metals. These results, mainly for benzene, indicate that the monitoring program must continue until a final solution for this problem is reached.Keywords: air pollution, BTX, particulate matter, steel industry, outdoor air IntroductionVolta Redonda, a city in Rio de Janeiro State, grew around the largest steel producing plant in Brazil. It has a current population of 250,000 inhabitants, and is the source of one of the state's main revenues. 1 Its environmental problems are basically related to air pollution resulting from the type and location of the region's industrial activities. The most important source of organic pollutants in the monitored area is coke production at National Steel Company (CSN) (4.6 x 10 6 metric tons/year). Volta Redonda is located in a strategic area -halfway between São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro (BR 393 road). Thus, there is high air pollution potential due to vehicles motor exhaust from heavy traffic. Furthermore, many other metallurgical and cement factories were established there to supply CSN demand, contributing to the complex array of possible air pollution sources. 857 Evaluation of Air Quality in Volta Redonda, the Main Metallurgical Industrial City in Brazil Vol. 15, No. 6...

show abstract

Section: Inhalable Particles (Pm 10 )mentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Metalsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Metalsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Inhalable Particles (Pm 10 )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Evaluation of air quality in Volta Redonda, the main metallurgical industrial city in Brazil

Gioda

Sales

Cavalcanti

et al. 2004

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Toluen

Struppe

2004

Bodengefährdende Stoffe: Bewertung ‐ Stoffdaten ‐ Ökotoxikologie ‐ Sanierung

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Toluen (108‐88‐3, auch Methylbenzol) findet bei der Herstellung von Saccharin, Medizinprodukten, Parfümen, Benzoesäure und ebenso als Ausgangsprodukt für Trinitrotoluol Verwendung. Ferner ist Toluen ein wichtiges Lösungsmittel in der Farbenindustrie, für Harze, Gummi und Öle. Es ist der in der Umwelt am häufigsten vorkommende Kohlenwasserstoff. Es gelangt überwiegend durch Emissionen aus der chemischen Industrie (Ausgasen aus Farben und Lacke, Verbrennungsprozesse) in die Umwelt. Toluol ist nicht persistent, wenig toxisch und die Konzentrationen in der Umwelt weiterhin abnehmend.

show abstract

Xylen

Struppe

2004

Bodengefährdende Stoffe: Bewertung ‐ Stoffdaten ‐ Ökotoxikologie ‐ Sanierung

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Xylene ist die Bezeichnung für die Isomeren o‐Xylen (CAS‐Nr.: 95‐47‐6), m‐Xylen (CAS‐Nr.: 108‐38‐3) und p‐Xylen (CAS‐Nr.: 106‐42‐3). 90 % der Xylengemische werden als Zusatz in Motorkraftstoffen eingesetzt. In Ottokraftstoffen finden sich dabei zwischen 8,2 % (Normalbenzin) und 12,3 % (Super plus, bleifrei) Xylene. In Deutschland werden jährlich mehrere 10 000 t Xylene produziert. Xylene dienen als Lösungsmittel vor allem in der Lackindustrie. Die einzelnen Isomere werden in der Synthese von Terephthalsäure sowie Polyesterfasern (p‐), Phthalsäuren für Weichmacher (o‐) und Isophthalsäure für Polyesterharze (m‐) verwendet. Der Eintrag in die Umwelt geschieht in der Regel durch unvollständige Verbrennungsprozesse. Das Gefahrenpotenzial der Xylene ist gering, sie werden im Boden schnell abgebaut und sind flüchtig.

show abstract

Atmospheric BTX and polyaromatic hydrocarbons in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Cited by 61 publications

References 49 publications

Evaluation of air quality in Volta Redonda, the main metallurgical industrial city in Brazil

Evaluation of air quality in Volta Redonda, the main metallurgical industrial city in Brazil

Toluen

Xylen

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About